Inward activity of multinationals by industrial sector - ISIC Rev 4

Bibliographic citation:
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development: Measuring Globalisation Statistics (Data download: 18 November 2015). UK Data Service. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5257/oecd/glob/2015

Yearly

For further information, see: Country Notes

Austria
Statistical population:The data refer to enterprises predominantly (more than 50%) under foreign control. Indirectly foreign-controlled enterprises are included.
Geographic coverage :The concept of "Ultimate controlling institutional unit of a foreign affiliate" is adopted to classify data by country of foreign control.
Other coverage:The data are classified according to the principal industrial activity of the affiliate.
Concepts & Classifications: NACE Revision 2

Belgium:
Source:National Bank of Belgium www.nbb.be/pub/Home.htm?l=enData
source(s) used:Annual survey on direct investments
Data Characteristics:No estimates are made for non-response.
Other coverage:The data are classified according to the principal industrial activity of the affiliate.
Classification(s) used:NACE Revision 2

Czech Republic
Source:Czech Statistical Office
www.czso.cz/eng/redakce.nsf/i/home
Other coverage: The data are classified according to the principal industrial activity of the affiliate.
Classification(s) used:CZ-NACE (Czech version of NACE Rev. 2)

Denmark
Source:Statistics Denmark
www.dst.dk/HomeUK.aspx
Data source(s) used:The statistics are produced on the basis of the four following sources: the register of foreign-owned enterprises held by the Danish Central Bank; Statistics Denmark's business register; Annual Accounts Statistics, which provide a large part of the structural business statistics (SBS) data; the register of foreign-owned companies held by Købmandstandens Oplysningsbureau (also called KOB). The register provided by the Danish Central Bank only includes enterprises that have direct foreign investment of at least 10 DKK million. The KOB register allows the identification of small foreign-owned companies. Having received the Central Bank register containing information on identification numbers and ownership, the register was aligned with Statistics Denmark's business register for the object of checking identification numbers and identifying every enterprise's grouping of activity. After the rectification, the register is ready for alignment with the enterprise statistics where economic information is to be derived.
Name of collection/source:The data are published on the website of Statistics Denmark at www.dst.dk/HomeUK/Statistics/focus_on/focus_on_show.aspx?sci=997.
Statistical population:The data refer to foreign-controlled enterprises defined as more than 50% share of foreign ownership either by one enterprise or more, non-resident joint ventures included (majority interest). Indirect investments are included.
Geographic coverage:The concept of "Ultimate controlling institutional unit of a foreign affiliate" is adopted to classify data by country of foreign control.
Other coverage:The data are classified according to the principal industrial activity of the affiliate.
Classification(s) used:NACE Revision 2

Estonia
Source:Statistics Estonia
www.stat.ee/?lang=en
Data source(s) used:Data are extracted from the annual Structural business statistics survey. No special survey on foreign-controlled enterprises is conducted. The survey population comprises enterprises with 20 and more persons employed which are included in the register of economically active enterprises called the Statistical Profile. The Statistical Profile is created on the basis of the database of the Ministry of Justice Centre of Registers and is used as a sampling frame.
Name of collection/source :The data are published on the website of Statistics Estonia at www.stat.ee/.
Statistical population:The data refer to majority foreign-controlled enterprises. Indirectly foreign-controlled affiliates are included. Joint ventures are considered and classified under a separate category (shared control).
Geographic coverage: The concept of "Ultimate controlling institutional unit of a foreign affiliate" is adopted to classify data by country of foreign control.
Other coverage: The data are classified according to the principal industrial activity of the affiliate.
Classification(s) used: EMTAK 2008, which is the Estonian national version of NACE Rev. 2.

Finland
Source:Statistics Finland
www.stat.fi/index_en.html
Data source(s) used:The data come from three sources: The Structural Business Statistics database is used for production of most of the economic indicators required. It is compiled using a direct data collection, administrative data and the Business Register. The direct inquiry provides financial statements data for all the largest enterprises in Finland. Administrative data from the National Board of Taxes provides financial statements data for all the rest of enterprises. The Business Register is used as a frame and it also provides information on principal activity and number of personnel for enterprises not surveyed by direct inquiry.
The FDI survey data from the Bank of Finland provides information on direct foreign owners. This information is obtained by a universe inquiry at a five years interval. It is supplemented every year with a limited survey. Other sources are also used to update this information (annual reports of enterprises, information on corporate acquisitions).
The Enterprise Group Register is used to identify indirectly foreign-owned enterprises. It provides information on ownership relations between enterprises belonging to a group. The size threshold is approximately 60 persons employed in a group.
Name of collection/source: The data are published on the website of Statistics Finland at www.tilastokeskus.fi/til/ulkoy/index_en.html.
Statistical population:Enterprises in which over 50% of the equity or voting rights is held directly or indirectly by one foreign party are recorded as foreign-owned. Multiple foreign control is not considered. Subsidiaries of foreign enterprises operating in Finland are included in these statistics.
Geographic coverage:The concept of "Ultimate controlling institutional unit of a foreign affiliate" is adopted to classify data by country of foreign control.
Other coverage: The data are classified according to the principal industrial activity of the affiliate.
Classification(s) used:TOL 2008 based on NACE Rev. 2

France
Geographic coverage:The concept of "Ultimate controlling institutional unit of a foreign affiliate" is adopted to classify data by country of foreign control.
Other coverage:The data are classified according to the principal industrial activity of the affiliate.
Classification(s) used:NAF 2008 based on NACE Rev. 2

Germany
Geographic coverage: The concept of "Ultimate controlling institutional unit of a foreign affiliate" is adopted to classify data by country of foreign control.Other coverage:The data are classified according to the principal industrial activity of the affiliate.
Concepts & Classifications:NACE Revision 2
Other comments:Germany (code DEU) was created 3 October 1990 by the accession of the Democratic Republic of Germany (code DDR) to the then Federal Republic of Germany (code DEW).

Greece
Source: ELSTAT www.statistics.gr/portal/page/portal/ESYE/
Data source(s) used: The value of economic variables are taken from the Structural business statistics.
Population & Scope:The data refer to majority foreign-controlled enterprises (foreign participating interests of more than 50%).
Other coverage: The data are classified according to the principal industrial activity of the affiliate.
Classification(s) used:NACE Revision 2

Hungary
Statistical population: The data refer to majority foreign-controlled legal units. Indirectly foreign-controlled affiliates are included. Multiple foreign control is considered, but if the controllers are not in the same country, they are not attributed to any country.
Geographic coverage: The concept of "Ultimate controlling institutional unit of a foreign affiliate" is adopted to classify data by country of foreign control.
Other coverage:The data are classified according to the principal industrial activity of the affiliate.
Classification(s) used:NACE Revision 2

Ireland
Source:Irish Central Statistical Office www.cso.ie/
The data refer to majority foreign-owned firms (50% or more of the share capital is held by non-Irish residents).
Geographic coverage:The country of origin is the one of the ultimate beneficial owner.
Other coverage: The data are classified according to the principal industrial activity of the affiliate.
Classification(s) used:NACE Revision 2

Israel
Source:Central Bureau of Statistics www.cbs.gov.il/
Data source(s) used: Multinational Enterprises activity survey, which takes place every 2 years.
The value of the variables is extracted from reports of companies. Complementary data from administrative files are also used (National Insurance Institution files for employment data, VAT and income tax files for production data, customs' data for trade variables).
Data Characteristics:The response rate to the survey is about 75%. No estimates are made for non-response.
Population & Scope: Geographic coverage :The country of origin of a foreign investment is that of the immediate controller. No data broken down by country of origin is currently available.
Sector coverage: Total manufacturing (ISIC 10 to 33) includes extraction and quarrying industries.
Classification(s) used:Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities, 2011 (based on ISIC Rev.4)
Other comments:The statistical data for Israel are supplied by and under the responsibility of the relevant Israeli authorities. The use of such data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements in the West Bank under the terms of international law.
Other comments:The statistical data for Israel are supplied by and under the responsibility of the relevant Israeli authorities. The use of such data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements in the West Bank under the terms of international law.

Italy
Source:ISTAT, www.istat.it/english/
Name of collection/source: The results are published on the website of ISTAT at www.istat.it/imprese/attivita/.
Data Characteristics:The average response rate to the survey exceeds 50% in terms of firms and 65% in terms of persons employed. After manual controls on non respondents, the response rate raises up to 80% in terms of persons employed.
Statistical population:The data refer to majority foreign-controlled firms (foreign participating interests of 50% at the latest). Indirect foreign-controlled firms are included only in respect to majority control.
Geographic coverage:The concept of "Ultimate controlling institutional unit of a foreign affiliate" is adopted to classify data by country of foreign control.
Other coverage:The data are classified according to the principal industrial activity of the affiliate.
Classification(s) used:Ateco 2007 based on NACE Rev. 2

Japan
Source:Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI)www.meti.go.jp/english/index.html
Data source(s) used:The data are prepared by the Enterprise Statistics Office, Research and Statistics Department and the Trade and Investment Facilitation Division, Trade and Economic Cooperation Bureau, METI, based on the annual survey on Trends in Business Activities of Foreign Affiliates in Japan.
Data Characteristics:The period covered is the fiscal year ending on the 31 March.
The response rate to the survey is about 62%. No estimates are made for non-response.
Statistical population:The survey covers enterprises in which more than one-third of the shares or holdings are owned by foreign investors. It also covers companies funded by a holding company in which more than one third of the shares or holdings is owned by foreign investors, or in which the total ratio of direct and indirect investments made by foreign investors is more than one third of the total shares. The term "foreign investor" refers to non-resident individuals, companies and other groups established conforming to foreign laws; or companies and other groups with its headquarter located overseas. Beginning with 2010 data, the data refer to companies that fall under the same criteria above, in which the ratio of the principal foreign investor's shares or holdings to the total capital is 50% or more. Moreover, the survey covers not only indirect investments through holding companies, but also indirect investments from all Japanese domestic companies including business corporations.
Sector coverage:The following notes apply to all variables:
Textiles, wearing apparel, leather and related products (13-15) includes Manufacture of man-made fibres (2030).
Printing and reproduction of recorded media (18) excludes Reproduction of recorded media (1820).
Chemicals and chemical products (20) excludes Manufacture of man-made fibres (2030).
Basic metals (24) includes Manufacture of other electronic and electric wires and cables (2732).
Computer, electronic and optical products (26) excludes Manufacture of watches and clocks (2652).
Electrical equipment (27) includes part of Manufacture of measuring, testing, navigating and control equipment (2651); excludes Manufacture of other electronic and electric wires and cables (2732).
Machinery and equipment n.e.c. (28) excludes Manufacture of ovens, furnaces and furnace burners (2815).
Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles (45-47) excludes Maintenance and repair of motor vehicles (4520).
Information service activities (63) excludes News agency activities (6391) and part of Data processing, hosting and related activities (6311).
Financial and insurance activities (64-66) excludes Activities of holding companies (6420).
Education (85) excludes Educational support activities (8550).
For 2008 data, firms in the finance, insurance and real estate sector are excluded from the survey.
Other coverage:The data are classified according to the principal industrial activity of the affiliate.
Classification(s) used:JSIC Rev. 12

Luxembourg
Source:Service central de la statistique et des études économiques (STATEC)www.statistiques.public.lu/en/index.html
Data source(s) used:The data are based on the annual survey on direct investments, which is a joint survey with the Central Bank regarding data collection in the banking sector. The survey is only exhaustive in the bank and insurance sectors. However, all large enterprises in the non-financial sector are included. Holding companies and special purpose entities are not included in the sample.
Statistical population:The data refer to majority foreign-controlled enterprises (foreign participating interests of more than 50%).
Other coverage:The data are classified according to the principal industrial activity of the affiliate.
Classification(s) used:NACE Revision 2

Netherlands
Source:Statistics Netherlands (CBS),www.cbs.nl/en-GB/default.htm?Languageswitch=on.
Data source(s) used:The ultimate controlling unit is determined on an annual basis by combining enterprise information from various sources, notably two surveys conducted by Statistics Netherlands, the Financial Statistics of Large Enterprise Groups (SFGO) and the Community Innovation Survey (CIS). However, from 2006 onwards, the UCI list of enterprises in the General Business Register (GBR), which is based on SFGO and CIS information, has been completed by the addition of information from an external source (Dun & Bradstreet database), providing a better insight into the total share of foreign enterprises in the Netherlands. In addition, a redesign of the Social Statistical Database in that year has resulted in a better match of the key indicators on employment, via the unique enterprise identifier (BEID), with the concurrent economic indicators. These improvements mean that the locus of control can now be established for over 90 percent of the total population of enterprises (with registered jobs in the Social Statistical Database) in the Netherlands. A weighting procedure was developed for the remaining share of enterprises that could not be matched to the GBR.
Population & Scope:The concept of "Ultimate controlling institutional unit of a foreign affiliate" is adopted to classify data by country of foreign control.
Other coverage:The data are classified according to the principal industrial activity of the affiliate.
Classification(s) used:NACE Revision 2

New Zealand
Source:Statistics New Zealand www.stats.govt.nz
Data source(s) used:The Statistics New Zealand Business Register (BR) is the main data source. The BR stores a range of characteristics about New Zealand enterprises, including whether an enterprise has foreign ownership, what activity/industry the enterprise is involved in, how many employees they have, and their group structure and relationships with other enterprises.
Population & Scope: The data refer to majority foreign-controlled enterprises (an overseas parent entity holds a shareholding greater than 50 percent).
Geographic coverage:The concept of "Ultimate controlling institutional unit of a foreign affiliate" is adopted to classify data by country of foreign control.
Sector coverage:All industries are covered.
Other coverage:The data are classified according to the principal industrial activity of the affiliate.
Classification(s) used:ANZSIC 2006

Norway
Source: Statistics Norway www.ssb.no/english/
Data source(s) used:Statistics Norway's Structural Business Statistics are the main data source (no separate data collection for statistics on foreign-controlled enterprises). In order to define which companies are controlled from abroad, the register of foreign assets and liabilities in Norway (the SIFON register) and the balance of payments reporting are used. The Directorate of Taxes' register of shareholders has been the main source for updating the SIFON register. The press and Internet etc. are also used to map new foreign-controlled enterprises in Norway, and to map the ultimate country of ownership.
Name of collection/source:The results are published every year on the website of Statistics Norway at www.ssb.no/utfono_en/.
Statistical population:The statistics cover majority foreign-controlled enterprises in Norway, i.e. subsidiaries that are controlled either directly or indirectly by an enterprise abroad (ownership interest of more than 50%). Only active enterprises are included in the population.
Geographic coverage:The concept of "Ultimate controlling institutional unit of a foreign affiliate" is adopted to classify data by country of foreign control.
Other coverage:The data are classified according to the principal industrial activity of the affiliate.
Classification(s) used:Norwegian Standard Industrial Classification (SIC2007), based on ISIC Rev. 4

Poland
Source:Polish Central Statistical Office www.stat.gov.pl/english/
Data source(s) used:The data come from the Enterprise Department of the Central Statistical Office of Poland (CSO). They are collected via the annual statistical survey on entities with foreign capital. When there is a case of non-response of a huge company (in terms of size class or capital value), data are imputed by using data from other surveys and ownership structure is taken from known sources (previous years' questionnaires, media etc.)
Population & Scope:The data refer to majority foreign-controlled firms employing more than 9 persons, where more than 50% of the capital is held by one non-resident. Indirectly foreign-controlled affiliates are included and multiple foreign control is considered.
Geographic coverage:The concept of "Ultimate controlling institutional unit of a foreign affiliate" is adopted to classify data by country of foreign control.
Other coverage:The data are classified according to the principal industrial activity of the affiliate.
Classification(s) used:Polish industrial classification (PKD) based on NACE Rev. 2

Portugal
Source:Institute for National Statistics (INE) www.ine.pt/portal/page/portal/PORTAL_INE
Data source(s) used:Data were obtained from the System of Integrated Business Accounts (SCIE) which is the result of a process of integration of statistical information on companies, based on administrative data provided by fiscal authorities. In 2011, information from the EuroGroups register was first considered in the production of these statistics. This new source of information was an improvement in the coverage of the population of foreign subsidiaries in Portugal, translated into a substantial increase in the number of branches in 2011. Consequently, it is not possible to compare 2011 data with those for previous years.
Population & Scope:The data refer to majority foreign-controlled enterprises (control of at least 50%). Indirectly foreign-controlled enterprises are included.
Geographic coverage:The concept of "Ultimate controlling institutional unit of a foreign affiliate" is adopted to classify data by country of foreign control.
Other coverage:The data are classified according to the principal industrial activity of the affiliate.
Classification(s) used:NACE Revision 2, Slovak Republic
Source:Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic, portal.statistics.sk/
Data source(s) used:The values of the variables come from the annual structural business survey.
Data Characteristics:Up to 2009, data for small enterprises with less than 20 employees are estimated. From 2010, there are compiled using a combination of statistical surveys and administrative data coming from tax authorities.
Population & Scope:The data refer to majority foreign-controlled enterprises. Indirectly foreign-controlled affiliates are included only in respect to majority control. Multiple foreign control is considered, but if the controllers are not in the same country, they are not attributed to any country.
Geographic coverage: The concept of "Ultimate controlling institutional unit of a foreign affiliate" is adopted to classify data by country of foreign control.
Other coverage:The data are classified according to the principal industrial activity of the affiliate.
Classification(s) used: NACE Revision 2

Slovenia
Source:Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia www.stat.si/eng/
Data source(s) used:Foreign direct investment data of the Bank of Slovenia are used to identify foreign affiliates. The Structural Business Statistics database is the source for foreign affiliates' variables.
Population & Scope: The data refer to majority foreign-controlled enterprises. Indirectly foreign-controlled affiliates are included.
Geographic coverage: The concept of "Ultimate controlling institutional unit of a foreign affiliate" is adopted to classify data by country of foreign control.
Other coverage:The data are classified according to the principal industrial activity of the affiliate.
Classification(s) used:SKD 2008 - Standard Classification of Activities based on Nace Rev. 2

Spain
Source:INE (National Institute of Statistics)www.ine.es/en/
Data source(s) used: The Structural Business Statistics are the main data source (no separate data collection for statistics on foreign-controlled enterprises). They are based on three surveys: the annual Industrial companies survey covering all industrial enterprises employing one or more paid persons, the annual Trade survey and the annual Services survey which are focused on enterprises whose main activity is included in the trade and non-financial market sectors respectively. In order to define which companies are under foreign control, the INE's Central Companies Directory (CCD) is used. The data contained in the CCD is obtained based on administrative sources, mainly from the tax agency and Social Security. Used as the survey framework is a directory that constitutes a subpopulation of the CCD and contains data on the companies resident in Spain that belong to a supranational group of companies.
Data Characteristics:For industry, units with 20 or more persons engaged are surveyed exhaustively every year; units with less than 20 persons engaged are surveyed by sample. The total annual sample includes approximately 44 000 industrial enterprises.
Statistical population:The data refer to majority foreign-controlled firms (foreign participating interests of 50% at the latest). Indirectly foreign-controlled enterprises are included.
Geographic coverage :The concept of "Ultimate controlling institutional unit of a foreign affiliate" is adopted to classify data by country of foreign control.
Other coverage:The data are classified according to the principal industrial activity of the affiliate.
Classification(s) used:CNAE 2009 based on NACE Rev. 2

Sweden
Source:Swedish Agency for Growth Policy Analysis (Growth Analysis); Statistics Swedenwww.tillvaxtanalys.se/en/
Data source(s) used:
Statistics Sweden's Structural Business Statistics: all non-financial enterprises are surveyed annually. These statistics are based on data from annual reports, tax returns and questionnaires on revenues and costs, etc. Collection of these data is mandatory for all Swedish enterprises.
Statistics Sweden's Trade Statistics: exports and imports of goods are taken from this register.
Growth Analysis's survey on ownership: from reference year 1996, data on foreign-owned affiliates are based on annual questionnaires to all parent companies, subsidiaries as well as to all branches located in Sweden.
The Growth Analysis register of international enterprises/groups and the business database and foreign trade statistics of Statistics Sweden are combined and merged annually.
Name of collection/source :Statistics on firms under foreign control are published by Growth Analysis under the titles Foreign Controlled Enterprises and Research and Development in International Enterprises. All publications from Growth Analysis are available at the home page, www.tillvaxtanalys.se/.
Statistical population:The target population consists of all active foreign-controlled enterprises in Sweden and all foreign-controlled enterprises of major economic importance. The statistics cover all enterprises identified where more than 50% of the voting rights are controlled by foreign investors. The reporting unit is, in most cases, the enterprise. Enterprises with shared control where 50% of the voting rights are held by a Swedish controlling unit are still defined as Swedish controlled and are not included in the figures.
Geographic coverage :The concept of "Ultimate controlling institutional unit of a foreign affiliate" is adopted to classify data by country of foreign control.
Sector coverage:
2008 data: Sections B to S (excluding O) of ISIC Revision 4 are covered, except Financial and insurance activities (ISIC 64 to 66).
From 2009 data: Sections B to N of ISIC Revision 4 are covered, except Financial and insurance activities (ISIC 64 to 66).

From 2010 data onwards, Total activity and Total services (sec G to N excl. K) include Repair of computers and personal and household goods (ISIC S95).
Other coverage:The data are classified according to the principal industrial activity of the affiliate.
Classification(s) used:NACE Revision 2

United Kingdom
Source: Office for National Statistics (ONS)www.ons.gov.uk
Statistical population:The data refer to majority foreign-controlled enterprises.
Other coverage:The data are classified according to the principal industrial activity of the affiliate.
Classification(s) used:UK SIC 2007

United States
Source: Bureau of Economic Analysis, US Department of Commercewww.bea.gov/
Data source(s) used:The data are based on annual and benchmark surveys which cover US business enterprises in which a foreign person owned (or controlled) a direct (or indirect) interest of 10% or more at the end of the US business enterprise's fiscal year. The last benchmark survey was conducted in 2007. They provide benchmarks for deriving current universe estimates of direct investment from sample data collected in non-benchmark years. Between benchmark years, smaller affiliates are exempted from reporting; however, data for these affiliates are statistically estimated so that all estimates -- benchmark and non-benchmark alike -- represent universe totals.
Name of collection/source :The data are electronically released annually and are also available on the website of the Bureau of Economic Analysis (www.bea.doc.gov/).
Statistical population:The data relate to majority foreign-owned affiliates. Indirect investments are covered.
Geographic coverage :Distribution by country of origin is based on the country of the ultimate beneficial owner, i.e. is that person, proceeding up a U.S. affiliate's ownership chain, beginning with and including the foreign parent, that is not owned more than 50% by another person. Data for the Asia area actually correspond to those of Asia-Pacific excluding Australia.
Sector coverage:The following notes apply to all variables: Other manufacturing; repair and installation of machinery and equipment (31 to 33) excludes Repair and installation of machinery and equipment (33).
Water supply; sewerage, waste management and remediation activities (36 to 39) excludes Waste management and remediation activities (38 to 39).
Total services (45 to 96) and Total activity (45 to 82 excl. 64 to 66) include Agriculture, forestry and fishing (01 to 03).
Parts of Wholesale and retail trade and repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles (45) are included in Wholesale trade (46), Retail trade (47) and Repair of computers and personal and household goods (95).
Wholesale trade (46) includes Wholesale trade of motor vehicles and motorcycles (part of 45).
Retail trade (47) includes Retail trade of motor vehicles and motorcycles (part of 45).
Professional, scientific and technical activities (69 to 75) and Activities of head offices; management consultancy activities (70) excludes Management of nonbank companies and entreprises (part of 70).
Administrative and support service activities (77 to 82) and Other administrative and support service activities (78 to 82) include Waste management and remediation activities (38 to 39).
Other service activities (94 to 96) and Repair of computers and personal and household goods, other services (95 to 96) include Management of nonbank companies and entreprises (part of 70), Repair and installation of machinery and equipment (33) and Repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles (part of 45).
Repair of computers and personal and household goods (95) includes Repair and installation of machinery and equipment (33) and Repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles (part of 45).
Other coverage:The data are classified according to the principal industrial activity of the affiliate.
Classification(s) used:NAICS 2007

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