Australia | Environmental and resource productivity | CO2 Productivity | Production-based CO2 productivity, GDP per unit of energy-related CO2 emissions | | 2.076982 | 2.120216 | 2.133468 | 2.194309 | 2.179102 | 2.20953 | 2.259575 | 2.281765 | 2.310133 | 2.321838 | 2.420931 | 2.528147 | 2.598906 | 2.693268 | 2.824526 | 2.846434 | .. | .. |
Production-based CO2 intensity, energy-related CO2 per capita | | 17.55496 | 17.69725 | 17.92023 | 17.91646 | 18.3824 | 18.3755 | 18.34389 | 18.49459 | 18.27341 | 18.21608 | 17.59036 | 17.21991 | 16.93552 | 16.52216 | 15.90225 | 16.0045 | .. | .. |
Demand-based CO2 productivity, GDP per unit of energy-related CO2 emissions | | 2.093696 | 2.174621 | 2.092474 | 2.048914 | 1.982919 | 1.978011 | 2.048917 | 2.033279 | 2.091124 | 2.148206 | 2.172473 | 2.180475 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Production-based CO2 emissions, index 2000=100 | | 100 | 101.8823 | 104.2725 | 105.4377 | 109.5608 | 111.1144 | 112.7577 | 115.7454 | 116.5223 | 118.3149 | 116.2534 | 115.6558 | 115.4765 | 114.2814 | 111.5327 | 113.8034 | .. | .. |
Production-based CO2 emissions | | 334.7 | 341 | 349 | 352.9 | 366.7 | 371.9 | 377.4 | 387.4 | 390 | 396 | 389.1 | 387.1 | 386.5 | 382.5 | 373.3 | 380.9 | .. | .. |
Demand-based CO2 productivity, disposable income per unit of energy-related CO2 emissions | | 1.687605 | 1.757921 | 1.692204 | 1.660168 | 1.584891 | 1.576452 | 1.62189 | 1.619094 | 1.674712 | 1.704715 | 1.733434 | 1.765159 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Demand-based CO2 intensity, energy-related CO2 per capita | | 17.36646 | 17.14252 | 18.15537 | 19.09036 | 20.13971 | 20.54049 | 20.29914 | 20.83052 | 20.21237 | 19.66611 | 19.60013 | 19.9586 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Demand-based CO2 emissions, index 2000=100 | | 100 | 99.99183 | 107.1085 | 113.9244 | 121.4908 | 125.4251 | 125.6345 | 131.2935 | 129.9846 | 129.0844 | 130.6798 | 134.9301 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Demand-based CO2 emissions | | 330.449 | 330.422 | 353.939 | 376.462 | 401.465 | 414.466 | 415.158 | 433.858 | 429.533 | 426.558 | 431.83 | 445.875 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Energy productivity | Energy productivity, GDP per unit of TPES | | 6Â 742.886 | 6Â 554.693 | 6Â 656.618 | 6Â 989.368 | 7Â 091.874 | 7Â 241.237 | 7Â 216.471 | 7Â 232.283 | 7Â 108.45 | 7Â 232.29 | 7Â 380.545 | 7Â 624.85 | 7Â 923.879 | 8Â 144.409 | 8Â 418.016 | 8Â 652.642 | 8Â 354.189 | .. |
Energy intensity, TPES per capita | | 5.407378 | 5.724444 | 5.743493 | 5.624865 | 5.648312 | 5.606946 | 5.743721 | 5.834991 | 5.938565 | 5.848047 | 5.769907 | 5.709548 | 5.554581 | 5.463698 | 5.335737 | 5.264953 | 5.484597 | .. |
Renewable energy supply, % TPES | | 6.162093 | 5.872828 | 6.039071 | 5.980341 | 5.794792 | 5.694229 | 5.629144 | 5.624135 | 5.566919 | 4.390582 | 5.497262 | 5.500977 | 5.562147 | 6.227088 | 6.54564 | 6.541357 | 6.457681 | .. |
Renewable electricity, % total electricity generation | | 8.381618 | 8.098455 | 7.860919 | 8.440699 | 8.18665 | 8.803706 | 9.299308 | 8.648072 | 8.115257 | 7.497934 | 8.611879 | 10.42665 | 10.59265 | 13.26411 | 14.90671 | 13.63784 | 14.65372 | .. |
Total primary energy supply, index 2000=100 | | 100 | 106.9891 | 108.4964 | 107.4655 | 109.2911 | 110.0705 | 114.6202 | 118.553 | 122.9374 | 123.3129 | 123.7977 | 124.4949 | 122.9588 | 122.6899 | 121.493 | 121.5404 | 128.3467 | .. |
Total primary energy supply | | 103.0962 | 110.3017 | 111.8556 | 110.7928 | 112.675 | 113.4784 | 118.169 | 122.2236 | 126.7438 | 127.1309 | 127.6307 | 128.3495 | 126.7658 | 126.4886 | 125.2546 | 125.3036 | 132.3205 | .. |
Energy consumption in agriculture, % total energy consumption | | 2.308258 | 2.297939 | 2.549472 | 3.142716 | 3.065762 | 3.198167 | 2.97705 | 2.86061 | 2.842932 | 2.830632 | 2.862341 | 2.798558 | 2.840047 | 2.797191 | 2.808239 | 2.925218 | .. | .. |
Energy consumption in services, % total energy consumption | | 7.244215 | 7.160171 | 8.067101 | 8.589803 | 8.579822 | 8.633162 | 8.676498 | 8.868433 | 8.848253 | 9.209352 | 9.107056 | 8.938807 | 8.856485 | 8.858994 | 9.096732 | 9.642838 | .. | .. |
Energy consumption in industry, % total energy consumption | | 34.19215 | 34.76944 | 33.38724 | 31.11594 | 31.00955 | 30.83253 | 30.42052 | 30.40178 | 30.43788 | 29.8448 | 29.64264 | 29.47594 | 29.75197 | 30.41849 | 29.91127 | 29.52485 | .. | .. |
Energy consumption in transport, % total energy consumption | | 36.87394 | 36.22484 | 37.29545 | 37.05241 | 37.4581 | 37.57583 | 38.26286 | 38.21847 | 38.44794 | 38.63224 | 39.1698 | 39.49549 | 39.54124 | 39.21314 | 39.25466 | 39.99819 | .. | .. |
Energy consumption in other sectors, % total energy consumption | | 19.38143 | 19.54761 | 18.70074 | 20.09913 | 19.88677 | 19.76031 | 19.66308 | 19.6507 | 19.423 | 19.48298 | 19.21817 | 19.29119 | 19.01026 | 18.71219 | 18.9291 | 17.90891 | .. | .. |
Non-energy material productivity | Non-energy material productivity, GDP per unit of DMC | | 0.998221 | 1.032592 | 1.12817 | 1.069833 | 1.141624 | 1.139545 | 1.28084 | 1.241214 | 1.295912 | 1.298401 | 1.368706 | 1.364308 | 1.420401 | 1.417995 | 1.452533 | 1.484448 | 1.506181 | |
Biomass, % of DMC | | 28.0388 | 27.818 | 23.74577 | 29.29346 | 25.55589 | 28.19388 | 23.72188 | 25.89534 | 27.63811 | 25.63966 | 25.52286 | 25.31137 | 26.71987 | 24.91172 | 26.01746 | 25.89436 | 25.75909 | 25.64879 |
Municipal waste generated, kg per capita | | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 611.012 | 610.404 | 609.798 | 611.011 | 598.872 | 584.742 | 571.354 | 558.459 | 560.705 | .. | .. |
Municipal waste recycled or composted, % treated waste | | .. | .. | .. | 30.338 | .. | .. | .. | 36.803 | 38.164 | 39.478 | 39.985 | 42.261 | 42.239 | 42.216 | 42.193 | 42.004 | .. | .. |
Municipal waste incinerated, % treated waste | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 6.891 | 6.85 | 6.811 | 7.932 | 9.109 | 10.063 | 11.034 | 12.023 | 9.391 | .. | .. |
Municipal waste disposed to landfills, % treated waste | | .. | .. | .. | 69.662 | .. | .. | .. | 56.306 | 54.986 | 53.711 | 52.083 | 48.63 | 47.698 | 46.749 | 45.784 | 48.605 | .. | .. |
Non-metallic minerals, % of DMC | | 24.26691 | 23.81462 | 26.69218 | 24.70731 | 29.24834 | 26.72621 | 29.20723 | 29.80456 | 29.79642 | 33.59215 | 28.05131 | 28.24734 | 28.67431 | 28.73737 | 29.31468 | 29.72069 | 30.07999 | 30.37177 |
Metals, % of DMC | | 47.69429 | 48.36737 | 49.56204 | 45.99924 | 45.19576 | 45.07991 | 47.07088 | 44.30011 | 42.56548 | 40.76819 | 46.42583 | 46.4413 | 44.60582 | 46.35091 | 44.66787 | 44.38495 | 44.16092 | 43.97944 |
Nitrogen balance per hectare | | 20.744 | 20.216 | 21.421 | 15.925 | 16.158 | 15.335 | 16.406 | 16.861 | 15.94 | 16.081 | 16.443 | 17.043 | 18.627 | 18.414 | 19.18 | 19.897 | .. | .. |
Phosphorus balance per hectare | | 1.342 | 1.337 | 1.385 | 0.768 | 0.856 | 0.722 | 0.799 | 0.873 | 0.66 | 0.489 | 0.663 | 0.799 | 0.809 | 0.77 | 0.988 | 1.059 | .. | .. |
Environmentally adjusted multifactor productivity | Environmentally adjusted multifactor productivity growth | | 0.9626178 | 3.157764 | 1.390201 | 2.69669 | 1.302138 | 1.15565 | 1.638808 | 1.322013 | 0.2972706 | 0.9898689 | 0.3419176 | 2.011764 | 1.502857 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Contribution of natural capital | | 0.151965 | 0.02654336 | -0.01920098 | 0.003575301 | 0.1045253 | 0.1783097 | 0.2575306 | 0.3036329 | 0.2341478 | 0.3265277 | 0.3988093 | 0.3019305 | 0.4002108 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Adjustment for pollution abatement | | -0.149224 | -0.2351625 | -0.06499745 | -0.071252 | -0.2771184 | -0.06940565 | -0.1297914 | -0.2206785 | -0.1108475 | 0.0515665 | -0.007646129 | 0.1174932 | -0.02964613 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Natural asset base | Freshwater resources | Total freshwater abstraction per capita | | .. | 1Â 151.93 | .. | .. | .. | 656.162 | .. | .. | .. | 672.2008 | 625.7667 | 609.525 | 716.4625 | 869.6487 | 824.8892 | 765.6445 | 696.9172 | .. |
Water stress, total freshwater abstraction as % total available renewable resources | | .. | | .. | .. | .. | | .. | .. | .. | | | | | | | | | .. |
Water stress, total freshwater abstraction as % total internal renewable resources | | .. | | .. | .. | .. | | .. | .. | .. | | | | | | | | | .. |
Total renewable freshwater per capita | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 16Â 048.51 | .. | .. |
Permanent surface water, % total surface | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.1371 | .. | .. |
Seasonal surface water, % total surface | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.51743 | .. | .. |
Conversion of permanent water to not-water surface, % permanent water, since 1984 | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 12.73097 | .. | .. |
Conversion of permanent to seasonal water surface, % permanent water, since 1984 | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 12.68677 | .. | .. |
Conversion of not-water to permanent water surface, % permanent water, since 1984 | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 16.15242 | .. | .. |
Conversion of seasonal to permanent water surface, % permanent water, since 1984 | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 2.45778 | .. | .. |
Wildlife resources | Threatened mammal species, % total known species | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 27.114 | .. | .. |
Threatened bird species, % total known species | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 16.835 | .. | .. |
Threatened vascular plant species, % total known species | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 6.58 | .. | .. |
Forest resources | Forests under sustainable management certification, % total forest area | | 0 | | | | | 4.44774 | | | | | 8.724651 | | | | | .. | .. | .. |
Land resources | Natural and semi-natural vegetated land, % total | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 86.69909 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 87.04159 | .. | .. |
Bare land, % total | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 4.74358 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 4.37747 | .. | .. |
Cropland, % total | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 8.15491 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 8.16194 | .. | .. |
Artificial surfaces, % total | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.13706 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.1558 | .. | .. |
Water, % total | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.26535 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.2632 | .. | .. |
Loss of natural and semi-natural vegetated land, % since 1992 | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.83058 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.96971 | .. | .. |
Loss of natural and semi-natural vegetated land, % since 2004 | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.2033 | .. | .. |
Gain of natural and semi-natural vegetated land, % since 1992 | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.35928 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.89158 | .. | .. |
Gain of natural and semi-natural vegetated land, % since 2004 | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.59834 | .. | .. |
Conversion from natural and semi-natural land to cropland, % since 1992 | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.59208 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.65605 | .. | .. |
Conversion from natural and semi-natural land to artificial surfaces, % since 1992 | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.0315 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.04666 | .. | .. |
Conversion from cropland to artificial surfaces, % since 1992 | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.11262 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.17815 | .. | .. |
Built up area, % total land | | 0.13531 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.15224 | .. | .. | .. |
Built up area per capita | | 544.57928 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 497.64234 | .. | .. | .. |
New built up area, % since 1990 | | 11.79977 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 25.78842 | .. | .. | .. |
New built up area, % since 2000 | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 12.51224 | .. | .. | .. |
Environmental dimension of quality of life | Access to drinking water and sewage treatment | Population connected to public sewerage, % total population | | .. | 90 | .. | .. | 87 | .. | .. | 93.6 | 93 | 92.3 | 92.6 | 93.7 | 94 | 94 | 92.5 | 92.3 | | .. |
Population with access to improved sanitation, % total population | | 65.4521 | 65.4521 | 65.4521 | 65.4521 | 65.4521 | 66.2486 | 67.0451 | 67.8416 | 68.6381 | 69.4346 | 70.2311 | 71.0276 | 71.8241 | 72.6206 | 73.4171 | 74.2136 | .. | .. |
Exposure to air pollution | Mean population exposure to PM2.5 | | 6.473032 | 6.727927 | 7.328858 | 7.531407 | 5.549066 | 5.74099 | 5.89378 | 5.398257 | 5.030001 | 5.773252 | 4.521283 | 4.886334 | 5.435808 | 5.048153 | .. | | .. | .. |
Percentage of population exposed to more than 10 micrograms/m3 | | 4.397928 | 2.942263 | 21.14989 | 14.10026 | 0.3675493 | 0.9836722 | 0.8554291 | 0.1563624 | 0.5598799 | 1.546915 | 0.1992022 | 0.2163052 | 1.090415 | 0.2415977 | .. | | .. | .. |
Percentage of population exposed to more than 35 micrograms/m3 | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | .. | | .. | .. |
Mortality from exposure to PM2.5 | | 184.3496 | .. | .. | .. | .. | 154.9114 | .. | .. | .. | .. | 119.6692 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 127.2799 | .. |
Welfare costs from exposure to PM2.5, GDP equivalent | | 1.74835 | .. | .. | .. | .. | 1.437898 | .. | .. | .. | .. | 1.10023 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 1.153195 | .. |
Economic opportunities and policy responses | Technology and innovation: R&D | Environmentally related government R&D budget, % total government R&D | | 2.950041 | 2.938141 | | 3.4847 | 3.456343 | 1.82475 | 2.5329 | 3.053582 | 2.976315 | 4.206886 | 3.937808 | 3.543404 | 4.034122 | 3.814739 | 3.793853 | 3.481483 | | .. |
Environmentally related R&D expenditure, % GDP | | 0.03479314 | .. | 0.0439222 | .. | 0.1173389 | .. | 0.113609 | .. | 0.1121787 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Renewable energy public RD&D budget, % total energy public RD&D | | .. | 9.947913 | .. | 10.60436 | 12.39666 | 12.42392 | 14.63074 | 15.95225 | 13.79224 | 19.26889 | 20.23633 | 33.6438 | 33.39679 | 53.92583 | 30.39552 | 54.05536 | 33.10415 | 33.98769 |
Energy public RD&D budget, % GDP | | .. | 0.02062623 | .. | 0.01763861 | 0.03405713 | 0.02341413 | 0.02456464 | 0.02624328 | 0.02655173 | 0.03539615 | 0.03427666 | 0.03949519 | 0.05024233 | 0.06021065 | 0.01917339 | 0.01688186 | 0.009672804 | 0.01129564 |
Fossil fuel public RD&D budget (excluding CCS), % total energy public RD&D | | .. | 60.81924 | .. | 54.48494 | 17.25762 | 22.94425 | 24.4536 | 23.27452 | 21.60335 | 52.23477 | 8.760859 | 12.93042 | 7.64775 | 4.901611 | 26.549 | 16.73008 | 9.357748 | 19.49611 |
Technology and innovation: Patents | Development of environment-related technologies, % all technologies | | 7.99 | 8.28 | 7.98 | 8.81 | 11.06 | 9.57 | 9.64 | 10.08 | 11.63 | 12.61 | 13.49 | 12.67 | 10.9 | 9.62 | 9.09 | .. | .. | .. |
Development of environment-related technologies, % inventions worldwide | | 1.13 | 1.13 | 0.99 | 1.12 | 1.37 | 1.1 | 1.02 | 0.96 | 0.97 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.74 | 0.66 | 0.65 | 0.61 | .. | .. | .. |
Development of environment-related technologies, inventions per capita | | 8.71 | 8.74 | 8.26 | 9.47 | 12.42 | 10.78 | 10.67 | 10.75 | 11.4 | 11.66 | 11.45 | 11.01 | 9.64 | 8.74 | 6.97 | .. | .. | .. |
Relative advantage in environment-related technology | | 1.23 | 1.22 | 1.18 | 1.25 | 1.54 | 1.27 | 1.18 | 1.14 | 1.18 | 1.13 | 1.15 | 1.07 | 0.96 | 0.93 | 0.95 | .. | .. | .. |
International financial flows: Official Development Assistance | Environmentally related ODA, % total ODA | | 5.8707838058472 | 15.438455581665 | 8.3833389282227 | 12.430198669434 | 4.6782593727112 | 10.897212982178 | 6.4599151611328 | 7.2101035118103 | 4.8694267272949 | 16.190847396851 | 18.198379516602 | 17.446220397949 | 17.095216751099 | 11.016610145569 | 11.073652267456 | 10.719714164734 | 17.750911712646 | .. |
ODA - renewable energy sector, % total allocable ODA | | 0.02532954141498 | 0 | 0.10282004624605 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.01096774172038 | 0.00546242576092 | 0.00405816594139 | 0.00992073025554 | 0 | 0.08320288360119 | 0.06956185400486 | 0.3485863506794 | 0.36251381039619 | 0.23444743454456 | .. |
ODA - water supply and sanitation sector, % total allocable ODA | | 9.9999208450317 | 4.7283577919006 | 1.9892160892487 | 5.2760272026062 | 1.7480065822601 | 0.31083127856255 | 1.8494927883148 | 0.19270718097687 | 1.3384020328522 | 2.9511787891388 | 7.0532183647156 | 8.7156915664673 | 5.8823494911194 | 7.7264022827148 | 5.766441822052 | 5.7923893928528 | 4.3840746879578 | .. |
ODA - all sectors - biodiversity, % total ODA | | 2.5657031536102 | 1.4092350006104 | 0.89699494838715 | 0.03153532370925 | 0.0513958632946 | 0.83716189861298 | 2.4549582004547 | 3.6267967224121 | 2.4747297763824 | 6.6054229736328 | 7.049934387207 | 7.3468914031982 | 8.1467695236206 | 4.8574976921081 | 3.1178493499756 | 4.7378840446472 | 7.9270420074463 | .. |
ODA - all sectors - climate change mitigation, % total ODA | | 1.3195691108704 | 0.23900434374809 | 0.40963363647461 | 0.23002952337265 | 0 | 1.4119385480881 | 0.78945881128311 | 4.2787752151489 | 1.6030765771866 | 14.55900478363 | 7.294725894928 | 4.4656467437744 | 8.0052270889282 | 5.2820816040039 | 3.7794790267944 | 4.0190844535828 | 7.4494466781616 | .. |
ODA - all sectors - climate change adaptation, % total ODA | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0 | 11.860580444336 | 11.935916900635 | 7.8746585845947 | 6.3025436401367 | 8.1863317489624 | 13.16162776947 | .. |
ODA - all sectors - desertification, % total ODA | | 1.585658788681 | 0.23060150444508 | 0.494414716959 | 0 | 0.00347186252475 | 0.21605361998081 | 0.60819214582443 | 2.6277401447296 | 0.72157526016235 | 3.1023120880127 | 10.330189704895 | 3.2741866111755 | 6.5522398948669 | 2.9325320720673 | 2.0089290142059 | 3.1451120376587 | 5.3543581962585 | .. |
Net ODA provided, % GNI | | 0.266644 | 0.251897 | 0.255604 | 0.2472 | 0.245141 | 0.247574 | 0.295075 | 0.322592 | 0.316008 | 0.293623 | 0.322727 | 0.343566 | 0.36093 | 0.330898 | 0.314311 | 0.291112 | 0.265827 | 0.225974 |
ODA - environment sector, % total allocable ODA | | 5.1858396530151 | 1.6777981519699 | 1.4226094484329 | 1.4839977025986 | 0.02150494046509 | 1.7318767309189 | 0.60594010353088 | 3.1389775276184 | 2.1327512264252 | 1.4521871805191 | 3.2505836486816 | 3.754810333252 | 4.427481174469 | 4.5013408660889 | 1.7880773544311 | 1.334398150444 | 0.73281353712082 | .. |
Environmental taxes and transfers | Environmentally related taxes, % GDP | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | .. |
Environmentally related taxes, % total tax revenue | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | .. |
Energy related tax revenue, % total environmental tax revenue | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | .. |
Road transport-related tax revenue, % total environmental tax revenue | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | .. |
Petrol tax, USD per litre | | 0.3680765 | 0.3268068 | 0.3173449 | 0.3089038 | 0.3018311 | 0.2939193 | 0.2838284 | 0.2773723 | 0.2658088 | 0.2611829 | 0.2537768 | 0.2456607 | 0.2414051 | 0.2356324 | 0.2306667 | 0.2321436 | 0.2321514 | .. |
Diesel tax, USD per litre | | 0.3680765 | 0.3268068 | 0.3173449 | 0.3089038 | 0.3018311 | 0.2939193 | 0.2838284 | 0.2773722 | 0.2658088 | 0.2611829 | 0.2537768 | 0.2456607 | 0.2414051 | 0.2356324 | 0.2306667 | 0.2321436 | 0.2321514 | .. |
Fossil fuel consumption support, % energy related tax revenue | | 41.28301 | 41.02948 | 24.83278 | 44.39678 | 44.21144 | 43.90719 | 45.22588 | 46.26029 | 49.02603 | 44.64864 | 43.30953 | 44.83539 | 34.17549 | 33.11275 | 39.62217 | 43.88494 | 43.28169 | .. |
Fossil fuel consumption support, % total tax revenue | | 2.395452 | 2.406233 | 1.383691 | 2.268799 | 2.153114 | 2.015209 | 2.048115 | 1.991151 | 2.1594 | 2.052023 | 1.938369 | 1.894851 | 1.694277 | 1.630595 | 1.681685 | 1.655258 | 1.613934 | .. |
Petrol tax, % end-user price | | 46.44068 | 43.69266 | 44.45741 | 42.61745 | 39.07692 | 34.01786 | 29.66135 | 30.39733 | 26.24984 | 28.60897 | 29.03079 | 25.702 | 25.57533 | 25.26474 | 25.11445 | 29.09907 | 31.77471 | .. |
Diesel tax, % end-user price | | 45.97316 | 42.14602 | 44.19953 | 41.82217 | 38.1 | 31.80301 | 28.30609 | 29.17108 | 23.92052 | 28.34821 | 29.81688 | 25.68251 | 25.44422 | 25.02218 | 24.64779 | 30.28747 | 33.58129 | .. |
Fossil fuel consumption support, % total fossil fuel support | | 95.15828 | 92.34467 | 88.50282 | 92.79271 | 88.90512 | 86.33137 | 86.92891 | 85.39633 | 90.55882 | 91.46027 | 91.78638 | 90.57977 | 99.45587 | 96.32536 | 99.6684 | 99.66672 | 99.08864 | .. |
Fossil fuel production support, % total fossil fuel support | | 4.785571 | 7.600093 | 11.4109 | 5.642775 | 11.01896 | 13.57595 | 12.94576 | 14.54132 | 8.880721 | 8.280762 | 8.00944 | 9.124682 | 0.02728487 | 3.219887 | 0.1371981 | 0.191838 | 0.1891372 | .. |
Fossil fuel general services support, % total fossil fuel support | | 0.05615021 | 0.05523421 | 0.08629037 | 1.564515 | 0.07591847 | 0.09267563 | 0.1253248 | 0.06234033 | 0.5604541 | 0.2589699 | 0.2041814 | 0.2955502 | 0.5168419 | 0.4547497 | 0.1944052 | 0.1414497 | 0.7222213 | .. |
Petroleum support, % total fossil fuel support | | 95.52158 | 95.6293 | 93.74538 | 95.05627 | 96.90336 | 97.22074 | 97.81636 | 98.1189 | 97.84613 | 98.34381 | 98.21854 | 95.74257 | 98.01672 | 94.99099 | 98.39355 | 98.11722 | 97.56226 | .. |
Coal support, % total fossil fuel support | | 2.191581 | 2.373322 | 3.151784 | 3.037225 | 1.381062 | 1.21831 | 0.8123019 | 0.6812147 | 1.111595 | 0.3836404 | 0.2689462 | 2.867173 | 0.06486363 | 3.283606 | 0.1826283 | 0.1897691 | 0.5725518 | .. |
Gas support, % total fossil fuel support | | 2.286843 | 1.997384 | 3.102833 | 1.90651 | 1.715587 | 1.560945 | 1.371343 | 1.199879 | 1.042269 | 1.272547 | 1.51251 | 1.390266 | 1.918427 | 1.725397 | 1.423811 | 1.693016 | 1.865181 | .. |
Total fossil fuel support, % of total tax revenue | | 2.517335 | 2.605709 | 1.563443 | 2.445018 | 2.421811 | 2.334272 | 2.35608 | 2.331659 | 2.384528 | 2.243622 | 2.111826 | 2.091914 | 1.703547 | 1.692799 | 1.68728 | 1.660793 | 1.628778 | .. |
Socio-economic context | Real GDP per capita | | 36Â 461.33 | 37Â 521.98 | 38Â 232.24 | 39Â 314.25 | 40Â 057.12 | 40Â 601.23 | 41Â 449.39 | 42Â 200.3 | 42Â 213.99 | 42Â 294.77 | 42Â 585.06 | 43Â 534.45 | 44Â 013.83 | 44Â 498.6 | 44Â 916.32 | 45Â 555.75 | 45Â 819.36 | |
Population density, inhabitants per km2 | | 2.462898 | 2.489082 | 2.515778 | 2.544427 | 2.57691 | 2.614433 | 2.65767 | 2.705861 | 2.756993 | 2.808219 | 2.857439 | 2.903909 | 2.948095 | 2.990579 | 3.032425 | | .. | .. |
Labour tax revenue, % GDP | | 12.787071763308 | 13.150187380661 | 13.015050441801 | 13.153237068427 | 13.437415234193 | 13.172071058998 | 12.281978587117 | 12.199520751945 | 11.455379967802 | 10.909472973432 | 11.066907778918 | 11.539595680594 | 11.954814477226 | 12.012605819406 | 12.672457216679 | 12.932477585283 | | .. |
Real GDP, Index 2000=100 | | 100 | 104.003 | 107.1083 | 111.3938 | 114.9476 | 118.2055 | 122.6705 | 127.1575 | 129.6024 | 132.2631 | 135.505 | 140.7787 | 144.4946 | 148.1913 | 151.6754 | 155.9638 | 159.0169 | |
Value added in agriculture, % of total value added | | 3.8376567363739 | 4.3144640922546 | 3.167423248291 | 3.3583498001099 | 3.1422204971313 | 2.9638760089874 | 2.3903470039368 | 2.5339813232422 | 2.4565830230713 | 2.3649039268494 | 2.440678358078 | 2.4078238010406 | 2.4353530406952 | 2.3750002384186 | 2.5432226657867 | 2.6146442890167 | 2.9818742275238 | .. |
Value added in industry, % of total value added | | 25.944305419922 | 25.825206756592 | 26.386432647705 | 26.208400726318 | 26.76150894165 | 27.804693222046 | 27.754590988159 | 27.626956939697 | 28.822381973267 | 26.928064346314 | 28.194337844849 | 27.917125701904 | 26.713897705078 | 27.191730499268 | 25.241506576538 | 23.94384765625 | 24.841438293457 | .. |
Value added in services, % of total value added | | 70.218040466309 | 69.860328674316 | 70.446144104004 | 70.433250427246 | 70.096267700195 | 69.231430053711 | 69.85506439209 | 69.839057922363 | 68.721031188965 | 70.70703125 | 69.36498260498 | 69.675048828125 | 70.850746154785 | 70.433265686035 | 72.215270996094 | 73.441505432129 | 72.176689147949 | .. |
Labour tax revenue, % total tax revenue | | 42.249481395149 | 45.751472427206 | 43.953318359372 | 44.081476555338 | 44.533696778107 | 44.084836277571 | 41.864357209278 | 41.40280732999 | 42.72750620666 | 42.666068995411 | 43.697593194915 | 44.552116716388 | 44.387893600044 | 44.233956640236 | 46.343020315787 | 46.498269875463 | | .. |
Austria | Environmental and resource productivity | CO2 Productivity | Production-based CO2 productivity, GDP per unit of energy-related CO2 emissions | | 4.877977 | 4.618927 | 4.604784 | 4.327576 | 4.373551 | 4.447557 | 4.755193 | 5.103259 | 5.170327 | 5.429443 | 5.118724 | 5.418181 | 5.702618 | 5.677418 | 6.064537 | 5.982666 | .. | .. |
Production-based CO2 intensity, energy-related CO2 per capita | | 7.671072 | 8.175113 | 8.298079 | 8.867578 | 8.969423 | 8.977846 | 8.65447 | 8.337561 | 8.322886 | 7.598532 | 8.168896 | 7.896108 | 7.502159 | 7.484452 | 7.019397 | 7.155485 | .. | .. |
Demand-based CO2 productivity, GDP per unit of energy-related CO2 emissions | | 3.186773 | 3.267813 | 3.190157 | 3.181369 | 3.269375 | 3.341604 | 3.640206 | 3.735079 | 3.741439 | 3.947548 | 3.733496 | 3.696642 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Production-based CO2 emissions, index 2000=100 | | 100 | 106.9467 | 109.0468 | 117.1244 | 119.063 | 119.7092 | 115.832 | 111.9548 | 112.1163 | 102.7464 | 110.9855 | 107.916 | 103.231 | 103.7157 | 97.89983 | 100.3231 | .. | .. |
Production-based CO2 emissions | | 61.9 | 66.2 | 67.5 | 72.5 | 73.7 | 74.1 | 71.7 | 69.3 | 69.4 | 63.6 | 68.7 | 66.8 | 63.9 | 64.2 | 60.6 | 62.1 | .. | .. |
Demand-based CO2 productivity, disposable income per unit of energy-related CO2 emissions | | 2.597937 | 2.644139 | 2.607346 | 2.603606 | 2.683254 | 2.736263 | 3.013752 | 3.090317 | 3.113128 | 3.215812 | 3.073337 | 3.032458 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Demand-based CO2 intensity, energy-related CO2 per capita | | 11.81742 | 11.63537 | 12.05624 | 12.12676 | 12.04366 | 11.95388 | 11.28249 | 11.3567 | 11.47636 | 10.43891 | 11.22392 | 11.61597 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Demand-based CO2 emissions, index 2000=100 | | 100 | 98.83708 | 102.9194 | 103.9841 | 103.9229 | 103.8531 | 98.52866 | 99.50357 | 100.8714 | 91.97262 | 99.12121 | 102.9205 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Demand-based CO2 emissions | | 94.676 | 93.575 | 97.44 | 98.448 | 98.39 | 98.324 | 93.283 | 94.206 | 95.501 | 87.076 | 93.844 | 97.441 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Energy productivity | Energy productivity, GDP per unit of TPES | | 10Â 555.63 | 10Â 116.02 | 10Â 198.05 | 9Â 764.624 | 9Â 871.858 | 9Â 825.247 | 10Â 136.96 | 10Â 647.18 | 10Â 740.82 | 10Â 912.83 | 10Â 396.5 | 11Â 015.36 | 11Â 137.87 | 10Â 962.26 | 11Â 482.47 | 11Â 329.08 | 11Â 317.08 | .. |
Energy intensity, TPES per capita | | 3.544963 | 3.732719 | 3.746881 | 3.930015 | 3.973743 | 4.063968 | 4.059764 | 3.996243 | 4.006402 | 3.780487 | 4.02196 | 3.883899 | 3.841126 | 3.876241 | 3.707337 | 3.778672 | 3.822814 | .. |
Renewable energy supply, % TPES | | 22.98209 | 22.03201 | 21.26742 | 18.76514 | 19.7548 | 20.94767 | 21.92274 | 23.89911 | 25.02262 | 27.60674 | 26.9274 | 26.24824 | 29.71548 | 29.93264 | 30.00415 | 29.4318 | 30.04848 | .. |
Renewable electricity, % total electricity generation | | 72.54401 | 69.15683 | 69.01295 | 60.78283 | 64.20223 | 63.62678 | 65.51553 | 68.68703 | 69.23089 | 71.13969 | 66.21132 | 65.63142 | 74.52918 | 78.02479 | 81.05687 | 76.49078 | 77.65388 | .. |
Total primary energy supply, index 2000=100 | | 100 | 105.6679 | 106.5491 | 112.3262 | 114.1449 | 117.26 | 117.5799 | 116.1181 | 116.7868 | 110.6188 | 118.2456 | 114.8643 | 114.3739 | 116.2357 | 111.8893 | 114.6424 | 116.4291 | .. |
Total primary energy supply | | 28.60529 | 30.22662 | 30.47868 | 32.13122 | 32.65147 | 33.54257 | 33.63407 | 33.2159 | 33.4072 | 31.64282 | 33.82448 | 32.85726 | 32.71697 | 33.24955 | 32.00626 | 32.7938 | 33.30487 | .. |
Energy consumption in agriculture, % total energy consumption | | 2.225669 | 2.157987 | 2.091585 | 2.032331 | 2.026555 | 1.988214 | 1.915769 | 1.937953 | 1.941012 | 1.850318 | 1.829212 | 1.857914 | 1.868577 | 1.963688 | 2.003732 | 2.039945 | .. | .. |
Energy consumption in services, % total energy consumption | | 10.79621 | 11.74607 | 11.47533 | 12.03798 | 11.6761 | 12.18089 | 12.94724 | 11.43965 | 12.71165 | 12.02909 | 12.03431 | 11.3286 | 11.18592 | 10.50099 | 10.5912 | 10.09736 | .. | .. |
Energy consumption in industry, % total energy consumption | | 25.73057 | 24.98291 | 24.2585 | 24.34426 | 25.33212 | 26.18208 | 26.46248 | 27.16362 | 27.5267 | 27.44981 | 27.45606 | 28.71282 | 28.10472 | 27.74428 | 27.89352 | 27.74644 | .. | .. |
Energy consumption in transport, % total energy consumption | | 27.41951 | 27.81697 | 30.08537 | 30.5303 | 30.43717 | 30.95905 | 30.09882 | 31.21412 | 29.71944 | 30.16037 | 29.48784 | 29.97414 | 29.55743 | 30.18383 | 30.93609 | 31.16883 | .. | .. |
Energy consumption in other sectors, % total energy consumption | | 33.82803 | 33.29606 | 32.08922 | 31.05513 | 30.52806 | 28.68977 | 28.57568 | 28.24466 | 28.10118 | 28.51041 | 29.19256 | 28.12652 | 29.28335 | 29.6072 | 28.57545 | 28.94742 | .. | .. |
Non-energy material productivity | Non-energy material productivity, GDP per unit of DMC | | 1.873148 | 1.9726 | 1.867296 | 2.018276 | 1.945832 | 1.934801 | 1.928494 | 1.959085 | 2.253476 | 2.299553 | 2.449097 | 2.371035 | 2.462693 | 2.456662 | 2.433261 | 2.502105 | | .. |
Biomass, % of DMC | | 22.42429 | 23.46931 | 22.19226 | 22.37998 | 24.15879 | 23.4595 | 23.4941 | 22.47297 | 27.36358 | 27.30801 | 27.99247 | 28.69767 | 27.57534 | 28.14089 | 29.80719 | 27.48652 | | .. |
Municipal waste generated, kg per capita | | 535.488 | 532.123 | 564.146 | 563.489 | 570.38 | 573.286 | 595.372 | 595.672 | 599.26 | 587.93 | 558.957 | 568.201 | 573.322 | 571.849 | 559.756 | 557.229 | 565.694 | .. |
Municipal waste recycled or composted, % treated waste | | 55.27 | 55.907 | 56.938 | 57.374 | | 59.911 | 60.401 | 61.306 | 64.61 | 63.604 | 60.942 | 58.803 | 59.726 | 59.64 | 58.275 | 58.198 | 58.808 | .. |
Municipal waste incinerated, % treated waste | | 11.003 | 10.971 | 10.994 | 11.96 | 29.838 | 28.466 | 29.571 | 29.903 | 27.758 | 30.086 | 35.712 | 36.233 | 35.88 | 36.165 | 37.572 | 38.764 | 38.452 | .. |
Municipal waste disposed to landfills, % treated waste | | 33.137 | 32.47 | 31.363 | 29.96 | 12.043 | 11.623 | 10.029 | 8.791 | 7.632 | 6.31 | 3.346 | 4.964 | 4.394 | 4.195 | 4.153 | 3.037 | 2.74 | .. |
Non-metallic minerals, % of DMC | | 73.63688 | 72.35883 | 74.02248 | 73.40997 | 71.99091 | 71.99556 | 71.52899 | 72.15186 | 67.35443 | 68.21119 | 65.54012 | 64.42934 | 65.86023 | 66.33259 | 66.02164 | 67.46095 | | .. |
Metals, % of DMC | | 3.938833 | 4.171857 | 3.78526 | 4.210053 | 3.850303 | 4.544931 | 4.976905 | 5.375167 | 5.281985 | 4.480802 | 6.467409 | 6.872988 | 6.564437 | 5.526525 | 4.17118 | 5.052517 | | .. |
Nitrogen balance per hectare | | 44 | 40 | 37 | 38 | 31 | 19 | 26 | 31 | 30 | 21 | 26 | 28 | 30 | 41 | 30 | 41 | 32 | .. |
Phosphorus balance per hectare | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | .. | .. | .. |
Environmentally adjusted multifactor productivity | Environmentally adjusted multifactor productivity growth | | 2.256607 | 0.7766359 | 1.209074 | 0.08267962 | 2.542837 | 1.827735 | 2.53172 | 3.124264 | 0.8865969 | -1.383272 | 0.9783977 | 2.128274 | 0.3818584 | 0.1740605 | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Contribution of natural capital | | 0.0006263368 | -0.003360038 | 0.006012127 | 0.008176528 | -0.001721717 | -0.02225245 | 0.01176745 | 0.002133108 | -0.01483931 | 0.01038843 | 0.00006765333 | -0.002541219 | 0.003124861 | -0.008768748 | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Adjustment for pollution abatement | | 0.07483306 | 0.1586698 | 0.09095275 | 0.01690458 | 0.7065893 | 0.03312712 | -0.0661405 | 0.5279362 | 0.4561842 | 1.011176 | -0.3022024 | 0.4972035 | -0.07345321 | 0.07785322 | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Natural asset base | Freshwater resources | Total renewable freshwater per capita | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | | .. | .. |
Permanent surface water, % total surface | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.69553 | .. | .. |
Seasonal surface water, % total surface | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.10242 | .. | .. |
Conversion of permanent water to not-water surface, % permanent water, since 1984 | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.70299 | .. | .. |
Conversion of permanent to seasonal water surface, % permanent water, since 1984 | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 1.75747 | .. | .. |
Conversion of not-water to permanent water surface, % permanent water, since 1984 | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 4.39367 | .. | .. |
Conversion of seasonal to permanent water surface, % permanent water, since 1984 | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.70299 | .. | .. |
Wildlife resources | Threatened mammal species, % total known species | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 26.733 | .. | .. |
Threatened bird species, % total known species | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 27.273 | .. | .. |
Threatened vascular plant species, % total known species | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 33.39 | .. | .. |
Forest resources | Forest resource stocks | | 1Â 067 | .. | .. | .. | .. | 1Â 102 | .. | .. | .. | .. | 1Â 129 | .. | .. | .. | .. | 1Â 155 | .. | .. |
Intensity of use of forest resources | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.768 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Forests under sustainable management certification, % total forest area | | 14.33038 | | | | | 102.0974 | | | | | 50.79793 | | | | | .. | .. | .. |
Land resources | Natural and semi-natural vegetated land, % total | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 70.81907 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 70.55664 | .. | .. |
Bare land, % total | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 2.84305 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 2.84534 | .. | .. |
Cropland, % total | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 22.79681 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 22.96511 | .. | .. |
Artificial surfaces, % total | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 2.69767 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 2.78695 | .. | .. |
Water, % total | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.8434 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.84597 | .. | .. |
Loss of natural and semi-natural vegetated land, % since 1992 | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 2.27922 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 2.83221 | .. | .. |
Loss of natural and semi-natural vegetated land, % since 2004 | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.60679 | .. | .. |
Gain of natural and semi-natural vegetated land, % since 1992 | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 1.45218 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 1.63766 | .. | .. |
Gain of natural and semi-natural vegetated land, % since 2004 | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.23622 | .. | .. |
Conversion from natural and semi-natural land to cropland, % since 1992 | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 1.63522 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 2.10208 | .. | .. |
Conversion from natural and semi-natural land to artificial surfaces, % since 1992 | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.50652 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.57943 | .. | .. |
Conversion from cropland to artificial surfaces, % since 1992 | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 4.49063 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 4.62778 | .. | .. |
Built up area, % total land | | 3.0466 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 3.51274 | .. | .. | .. |
Built up area per capita | | 315.21642 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 339.70501 | .. | .. | .. |
New built up area, % since 1990 | | 15.31339 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 32.95697 | .. | .. | .. |
New built up area, % since 2000 | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 15.30054 | .. | .. | .. |
Environmental dimension of quality of life | Access to drinking water and sewage treatment | Population connected to public sewerage, % total population | | 85.400001525879 | 86 | 86 | | | .. | | .. | | .. | 93.900001525879 | .. | 94.5 | .. | 94.967610483771 | .. | .. | .. |
Population connected to sewerage with primary treatment, % total population | | .. | 0 | 0 | .. | | .. | | .. | | .. | | .. | 0 | .. | 0 | .. | .. | .. |
Population connected to sewerage with secondary treatment, % total population | | .. | 8.6000003814697 | .. | .. | 5.4899997711182 | .. | | .. | | .. | | .. | 1 | .. | 1.1946570566625 | .. | .. | .. |
Population connected to sewerage with tertiary treatment, % total population | | .. | | .. | .. | | .. | | .. | | .. | | .. | 93.5 | .. | 93.772953427109 | .. | .. | .. |
Population with access to improved sanitation, % total population | | 96.78214 | 96.7822 | 96.78256 | 96.78208 | 96.78147 | 96.78086 | 96.78018 | 96.77957 | 96.77896 | 96.77834 | 96.77766 | 96.77705 | 96.77644 | 96.77679 | 96.77822 | 96.78062 | .. | .. |
Population with access to improved drinking water sources, % total population | | 97.83015 | 97.88747 | 97.94479 | 98.00211 | 98.05942 | 98.11674 | 98.17406 | 98.23138 | 98.28868 | 98.34601 | 98.40333 | 98.46064 | 98.51796 | 98.57529 | 98.6326 | 98.68991 | .. | .. |
Exposure to air pollution | Mean population exposure to PM2.5 | | 16.44901 | 14.51213 | 17.53121 | 18.06978 | 15.10771 | 17.66114 | 17.93919 | 14.28255 | 15.38516 | 16.65519 | 15.62538 | 15.45065 | 15.47036 | 17.68641 | .. | | .. | .. |
Percentage of population exposed to more than 10 micrograms/m3 | | 99.82006 | 83.49033 | 99.97404 | 99.99857 | 99.13448 | 99.19714 | 99.9695 | 95.25652 | 99.99866 | 99.77171 | 90.63574 | 93.63552 | 99.90543 | 99.99922 | .. | | .. | .. |
Percentage of population exposed to more than 35 micrograms/m3 | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | .. | | .. | .. |
Mortality from exposure to PM2.5 | | 473.3345 | .. | .. | .. | .. | 407.2726 | .. | .. | .. | .. | 383.7776 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 375.3761 | .. |
Welfare costs from exposure to PM2.5, GDP equivalent | | 4.465825 | .. | .. | .. | .. | 3.792968 | .. | .. | .. | .. | 3.541337 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 3.440295 | .. |
Economic opportunities and policy responses | Technology and innovation: R&D | Environmentally related government R&D budget, % total government R&D | | 1.528968 | 1.379434 | 1.304854 | 1.663405 | 1.375541 | 1.607854 | 1.626425 | 1.622221 | 1.62961 | 1.874105 | 1.769931 | 2.008891 | 2.358581 | 2.339932 | 0.9450896 | 0.7169405 | | .. |
Environmentally related R&D expenditure, % GDP | | .. | .. | 0.1037262 | .. | 0.1457947 | .. | 0.1727422 | 0.1989595 | .. | 0.2253662 | .. | 0.2681516 | .. | | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Renewable energy public RD&D budget, % total energy public RD&D | | 28.02075 | 26.53321 | 33.17683 | 39.68057 | 28.46067 | 36.03274 | 32.64228 | 46.47807 | 34.37689 | 35.2975 | 27.804 | 27.1248 | 23.49689 | 23.66585 | 22.65044 | 17.22462 | 21.63825 | .. |
Energy public RD&D budget, % GDP | | 0.01091821 | 0.01354585 | 0.01286964 | 0.01077449 | 0.01383711 | 0.01322444 | 0.01583089 | 0.01122834 | 0.02422608 | 0.0320333 | 0.04088556 | 0.038959 | 0.03769021 | 0.03845356 | 0.04296519 | 0.0372765 | 0.03987977 | .. |
Fossil fuel public RD&D budget (excluding CCS), % total energy public RD&D | | 1.90807 | 2.119041 | .. | 1.845329 | 1.344904 | 0.6160714 | 1.990613 | 2.524619 | 3.106777 | 0.440013 | 0.2826937 | 0.4908006 | 0.4621111 | 3.910722 | 0.2655467 | 1.357318 | 0.8027312 | .. |
Technology and innovation: Patents | Development of environment-related technologies, % all technologies | | 10.28 | 9.56 | 8.53 | 8.75 | 8.78 | 9.83 | 9.46 | 10.79 | 12.46 | 12.21 | 13.47 | 13.74 | 13.92 | 9.97 | 10.42 | .. | .. | .. |
Development of environment-related technologies, % inventions worldwide | | 1.34 | 1.29 | 1.08 | 1.09 | 1.03 | 1.08 | 1.01 | 1.07 | 1.08 | 1 | 1.01 | 0.98 | 1.05 | 0.81 | 0.94 | .. | .. | .. |
Development of environment-related technologies, inventions per capita | | 24.47 | 23.6 | 21.47 | 22.22 | 22.56 | 25.8 | 26.42 | 30.17 | 32.39 | 33.58 | 38.24 | 38.8 | 40.6 | 29.46 | 29.19 | .. | .. | .. |
Relative advantage in environment-related technology | | 1.58 | 1.41 | 1.26 | 1.24 | 1.22 | 1.31 | 1.16 | 1.22 | 1.26 | 1.1 | 1.15 | 1.16 | 1.23 | 0.97 | 1.09 | .. | .. | .. |
International financial flows: Official Development Assistance | Environmentally related ODA, % total ODA | | 3.4710607528687 | 4.1323442459106 | 6.1220555305481 | 15.480321884155 | 13.959380149841 | 4.8647084236145 | 4.6407842636108 | 7.8866677284241 | 5.3968458175659 | 12.49760723114 | 7.2601337432861 | 12.902052879333 | 6.5007982254028 | 18.23921585083 | 11.540414810181 | 9.4466485977173 | 8.0726566314697 | .. |
ODA - renewable energy sector, % total allocable ODA | | 2.4990999698639 | 1.7647051811218 | 8.4265584945679 | 0.09668918699026 | 0.16829447448254 | 1.5359990596771 | 0.97256422042847 | 1.2796669006348 | 0.56218475103378 | 2.905127286911 | 1.2448734045029 | 1.5619865655899 | 1.3769646883011 | 1.429132938385 | 2.4252026081085 | 5.4069099426269 | 4.232048034668 | .. |
ODA - water supply and sanitation sector, % total allocable ODA | | 7.2389426231384 | 5.4566030502319 | 6.8812279701233 | 11.032532691956 | 11.033705711365 | 7.452250957489 | 8.3347339630127 | 7.0997643470764 | 9.1664133071899 | 7.0707030296326 | 4.9310722351074 | 7.1808547973633 | 9.2330141067505 | 7.4994325637817 | 7.6396622657776 | 6.9888625144958 | 5.1288828849792 | .. |
ODA - all sectors - biodiversity, % total ODA | | 1.1721459627152 | 1.0308409929275 | 1.570934176445 | 1.2444651126862 | 2.2959542274475 | 1.055272936821 | 1.3890116214752 | 1.0647172927856 | 2.5193822383881 | 5.6781349182129 | 2.3423225879669 | 3.3970637321472 | 2.1939363479614 | 7.1605606079102 | 3.4161813259125 | 2.0809028148651 | 1.8158853054047 | .. |
ODA - all sectors - climate change mitigation, % total ODA | | 1.0658831596375 | 0.83987653255463 | 0.77109688520432 | 0.30074617266655 | 2.3753695487976 | 1.0712343454361 | 2.2306606769562 | 0.70069128274918 | 2.4924442768097 | 5.3764996528625 | 3.1203985214233 | 5.7783141136169 | 2.1209006309509 | 10.682710647583 | 7.1190371513367 | 4.8711004257202 | 4.5360383987427 | .. |
ODA - all sectors - climate change adaptation, % total ODA | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.71687632799149 | 2.8068389892578 | 1.7006912231445 | 7.0260276794434 | 5.0040888786316 | 2.8009305000305 | 2.3693840503693 | .. |
ODA - all sectors - desertification, % total ODA | | 0.33739721775055 | 0.48115807771683 | 1.3744561672211 | 2.2165148258209 | 1.7228651046753 | 0.93522244691849 | 1.559410572052 | 0.85466778278351 | 1.7115114927292 | 4.1698274612427 | 1.0574023723602 | 2.2620253562927 | 1.8891754150391 | 3.267374753952 | 0.63832050561905 | 0.96285235881805 | 0.74518597126007 | .. |
Net ODA provided, % GNI | | 0.234436 | 0.341561 | 0.255124 | 0.201613 | 0.232908 | 0.521781 | 0.468866 | 0.498059 | 0.428275 | 0.302039 | 0.322422 | 0.267127 | 0.280216 | 0.273521 | 0.284369 | 0.353749 | 0.423711 | 0.302443 |
ODA - environment sector, % total allocable ODA | | 3.2169048786163 | 1.0355956554413 | 1.5112639665604 | 1.3572754859924 | 2.4022068977356 | 3.2764749526977 | 1.8502678871155 | 1.0782997608185 | 0.89288753271103 | 2.535514831543 | 0.8241001367569 | 1.8445565700531 | 0.76376402378082 | 2.4094221591949 | 2.9088370800018 | 0.78273582458496 | 1.5309573411941 | .. |
Environmental taxes and transfers | Environmentally related taxes, % GDP | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | .. |
Environmentally related taxes, % total tax revenue | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | .. |
Energy related tax revenue, % total environmental tax revenue | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | .. |
Road transport-related tax revenue, % total environmental tax revenue | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | .. |
Petrol tax, USD per litre | | 0.5956466 | 0.5816711 | 0.5699513 | 0.5636869 | 0.5656113 | 0.5528994 | 0.5465689 | 0.5626202 | 0.5898396 | 0.5866335 | 0.5763751 | 0.6044703 | 0.5901574 | 0.5586401 | 0.5344176 | 0.5297115 | 0.5250304 | .. |
Diesel tax, USD per litre | | 0.4172404 | 0.4064689 | 0.3978646 | 0.3939017 | 0.4125635 | 0.4123979 | 0.4296062 | 0.4522664 | 0.4695996 | 0.4671189 | 0.4588816 | 0.502191 | 0.4904037 | 0.4639907 | 0.4437122 | 0.4398229 | 0.4359361 | .. |
Fossil fuel consumption support, % energy related tax revenue | | 3.54427 | 4.665367 | 5.667253 | 10.54895 | 11.76458 | 14.03763 | 15.84684 | 14.01502 | 14.76521 | 15.63186 | 14.8626 | 14.72645 | 13.68985 | 11.65218 | 11.87226 | 11.85163 | 12.00571 | .. |
Fossil fuel consumption support, % total tax revenue | | 0.1290272 | 0.1752295 | 0.2225109 | 0.4301229 | 0.500989 | 0.5860462 | 0.6181743 | 0.541972 | 0.5589566 | 0.5907434 | 0.5623224 | 0.5783705 | 0.5174279 | 0.4297699 | 0.4193105 | 0.4165454 | 0.4234954 | .. |
Petrol tax, % end-user price | | 43.13998 | 44.76807 | 46.1367 | 46.05993 | 43.81443 | 40.0314 | 38.04606 | 38.86211 | 38.85407 | 44.32415 | 39.27627 | 37.30278 | 35.00056 | 35.21872 | 35.34283 | 39.55477 | 42.57238 | .. |
Diesel tax, % end-user price | | 37.27507 | 38.77005 | 40.19471 | 39.88996 | 38.31891 | 33.43882 | 33.21392 | 34.81881 | 31.18096 | 39.66159 | 34.92718 | 32.81456 | 30.9796 | 31.06869 | 31.5188 | 36.54987 | 39.77242 | .. |