Green Growth Indicators (2018 Edition)

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Time200020012002200320042005200620072008200920102011201220132014201520162017
CountryVariable
AustraliaEnvironmental and resource productivityCO2 ProductivityProduction-based CO2 productivity, GDP per unit of energy-related CO2 emissions2.0769822.1202162.1334682.1943092.1791022.209532.2595752.2817652.3101332.3218382.4209312.5281472.5989062.6932682.8245262.846434....
Production-based CO2 intensity, energy-related CO2 per capita17.5549617.6972517.9202317.9164618.382418.375518.3438918.4945918.2734118.2160817.5903617.2199116.9355216.5221615.9022516.0045....
Demand-based CO2 productivity, GDP per unit of energy-related CO2 emissions2.0936962.1746212.0924742.0489141.9829191.9780112.0489172.0332792.0911242.1482062.1724732.180475............
Production-based CO2 emissions, index 2000=100100101.8823104.2725105.4377109.5608111.1144112.7577115.7454116.5223118.3149116.2534115.6558115.4765114.2814111.5327113.8034....
Production-based CO2 emissions334.7341349352.9366.7371.9377.4387.4390396389.1387.1386.5382.5373.3380.9....
Demand-based CO2 productivity, disposable income per unit of energy-related CO2 emissions1.6876051.7579211.6922041.6601681.5848911.5764521.621891.6190941.6747121.7047151.7334341.765159............
Demand-based CO2 intensity, energy-related CO2 per capita17.3664617.1425218.1553719.0903620.1397120.5404920.2991420.8305220.2123719.6661119.6001319.9586............
Demand-based CO2 emissions, index 2000=10010099.99183107.1085113.9244121.4908125.4251125.6345131.2935129.9846129.0844130.6798134.9301............
Demand-based CO2 emissions330.449330.422353.939376.462401.465414.466415.158433.858429.533426.558431.83445.875............
Energy productivityEnergy productivity, GDP per unit of TPES6 742.8866 554.6936 656.6186 989.3687 091.8747 241.2377 216.4717 232.2837 108.457 232.297 380.5457 624.857 923.8798 144.4098 418.0168 652.6428 354.189..
Energy intensity, TPES per capita5.4073785.7244445.7434935.6248655.6483125.6069465.7437215.8349915.9385655.8480475.7699075.7095485.5545815.4636985.3357375.2649535.484597..
Renewable energy supply, % TPES6.1620935.8728286.0390715.9803415.7947925.6942295.6291445.6241355.5669194.3905825.4972625.5009775.5621476.2270886.545646.5413576.457681..
Renewable electricity, % total electricity generation8.3816188.0984557.8609198.4406998.186658.8037069.2993088.6480728.1152577.4979348.61187910.4266510.5926513.2641114.9067113.6378414.65372..
Total primary energy supply, index 2000=100100106.9891108.4964107.4655109.2911110.0705114.6202118.553122.9374123.3129123.7977124.4949122.9588122.6899121.493121.5404128.3467..
Total primary energy supply103.0962110.3017111.8556110.7928112.675113.4784118.169122.2236126.7438127.1309127.6307128.3495126.7658126.4886125.2546125.3036132.3205..
Energy consumption in agriculture, % total energy consumption2.3082582.2979392.5494723.1427163.0657623.1981672.977052.860612.8429322.8306322.8623412.7985582.8400472.7971912.8082392.925218....
Energy consumption in services, % total energy consumption7.2442157.1601718.0671018.5898038.5798228.6331628.6764988.8684338.8482539.2093529.1070568.9388078.8564858.8589949.0967329.642838....
Energy consumption in industry, % total energy consumption34.1921534.7694433.3872431.1159431.0095530.8325330.4205230.4017830.4378829.844829.6426429.4759429.7519730.4184929.9112729.52485....
Energy consumption in transport, % total energy consumption36.8739436.2248437.2954537.0524137.458137.5758338.2628638.2184738.4479438.6322439.169839.4954939.5412439.2131439.2546639.99819....
Energy consumption in other sectors, % total energy consumption19.3814319.5476118.7007420.0991319.8867719.7603119.6630819.650719.42319.4829819.2181719.2911919.0102618.7121918.929117.90891....
Non-energy material productivityNon-energy material productivity, GDP per unit of DMC0.9982211.0325921.128171.0698331.1416241.1395451.280841.2412141.2959121.2984011.3687061.3643081.4204011.4179951.4525331.4844481.506181
(e) 1.534459
Biomass, % of DMC28.038827.81823.7457729.2934625.5558928.1938823.7218825.8953427.6381125.6396625.5228625.3113726.7198724.9117226.0174625.8943625.7590925.64879
Municipal waste generated, kg per capita
(e) 692.338
............611.012610.404609.798611.011598.872584.742571.354558.459560.705....
Municipal waste recycled or composted, % treated waste ......30.338......36.80338.16439.47839.98542.26142.23942.21642.19342.004....
Municipal waste incinerated, % treated waste..............6.8916.856.8117.9329.10910.06311.03412.0239.391....
Municipal waste disposed to landfills, % treated waste......69.662......56.30654.98653.71152.08348.6347.69846.74945.78448.605....
Non-metallic minerals, % of DMC24.2669123.8146226.6921824.7073129.2483426.7262129.2072329.8045629.7964233.5921528.0513128.2473428.6743128.7373729.3146829.7206930.0799930.37177
Metals, % of DMC47.6942948.3673749.5620445.9992445.1957645.0799147.0708844.3001142.5654840.7681946.4258346.441344.6058246.3509144.6678744.3849544.1609243.97944
Nitrogen balance per hectare20.74420.21621.42115.92516.15815.33516.40616.86115.9416.08116.44317.04318.62718.41419.1819.897....
Phosphorus balance per hectare1.3421.3371.3850.7680.8560.7220.7990.8730.660.4890.6630.7990.8090.770.9881.059....
Environmentally adjusted multifactor productivityEnvironmentally adjusted multifactor productivity growth0.96261783.1577641.3902012.696691.3021381.155651.6388081.3220130.29727060.98986890.34191762.0117641.502857..........
Contribution of natural capital0.1519650.02654336-0.019200980.0035753010.10452530.17830970.25753060.30363290.23414780.32652770.39880930.30193050.4002108..........
Adjustment for pollution abatement-0.149224-0.2351625-0.06499745-0.071252-0.2771184-0.06940565-0.1297914-0.2206785-0.11084750.0515665-0.0076461290.1174932-0.02964613..........
Natural asset baseFreshwater resourcesTotal freshwater abstraction per capita..1 151.93......656.162......672.2008625.7667609.525716.4625869.6487824.8892765.6445696.9172..
Water stress, total freshwater abstraction as % total available renewable resources..
(e) 5.73268
......
(e) 3.42989
......
(e) 3.77418
(e) 3.57504
(e) 3.53889
(e) 4.22306
(e) 5.19985
(e) 5.00124
(e) 4.70629
(e) 4.34256
..
Water stress, total freshwater abstraction as % total internal renewable resources..
(e) 5.73268
......
(e) 3.42989
......
(e) 3.77418
(e) 3.57504
(e) 3.53889
(e) 4.22306
(e) 5.19985
(e) 5.00124
(e) 4.70629
(e) 4.34256
..
Total renewable freshwater per capita..............................16 048.51....
Permanent surface water, % total surface..............................0.1371....
Seasonal surface water, % total surface ..............................0.51743....
Conversion of permanent water to not-water surface, % permanent water, since 1984..............................12.73097....
Conversion of permanent to seasonal water surface, % permanent water, since 1984..............................12.68677....
Conversion of not-water to permanent water surface, % permanent water, since 1984..............................16.15242....
Conversion of seasonal to permanent water surface, % permanent water, since 1984..............................2.45778....
Wildlife resourcesThreatened mammal species, % total known species..............................27.114....
Threatened bird species, % total known species..............................16.835....
Threatened vascular plant species, % total known species..............................6.58....
Forest resourcesForests under sustainable management certification, % total forest area0
(e) 0
(e) 0
(e) 0
(e) 1.163402
4.44774
(e) 4.92768
(e) 7.328564
(e) 6.73218
(e) 6.369525
8.724651
(e) 8.81547
(e) 8.952853
(e) 9.156687
(e) 8.949414
......
Land resourcesNatural and semi-natural vegetated land, % total........86.69909....................87.04159....
Bare land, % total........4.74358....................4.37747....
Cropland, % total........8.15491....................8.16194....
Artificial surfaces, % total ........0.13706....................0.1558....
Water, % total........0.26535....................0.2632....
Loss of natural and semi-natural vegetated land, % since 1992........0.83058....................0.96971....
Loss of natural and semi-natural vegetated land, % since 2004..............................0.2033....
Gain of natural and semi-natural vegetated land, % since 1992........0.35928....................0.89158....
Gain of natural and semi-natural vegetated land, % since 2004..............................0.59834....
Conversion from natural and semi-natural land to cropland, % since 1992........0.59208....................0.65605....
Conversion from natural and semi-natural land to artificial surfaces, % since 1992........0.0315....................0.04666....
Conversion from cropland to artificial surfaces, % since 1992........0.11262....................0.17815....
Built up area, % total land0.13531..........................0.15224......
Built up area per capita544.57928..........................497.64234......
New built up area, % since 199011.79977..........................25.78842......
New built up area, % since 2000............................12.51224......
Environmental dimension of quality of lifeAccess to drinking water and sewage treatmentPopulation connected to public sewerage, % total population..90....87....93.69392.392.693.7949492.592.3
(e) 92.4
..
Population with access to improved sanitation, % total population65.452165.452165.452165.452165.452166.248667.045167.841668.638169.434670.231171.027671.824172.620673.417174.2136....
Exposure to air pollutionMean population exposure to PM2.56.4730326.7279277.3288587.5314075.5490665.740995.893785.3982575.0300015.7732524.5212834.8863345.4358085.048153..
(e) 5.237357
....
Percentage of population exposed to more than 10 micrograms/m34.3979282.94226321.1498914.100260.36754930.98367220.85542910.15636240.55987991.5469150.19920220.21630521.0904150.2415977..
(e) 2.21905
....
Percentage of population exposed to more than 35 micrograms/m300000000000000..
(e) 0
....
Mortality from exposure to PM2.5184.3496........154.9114........119.6692..........127.2799..
Welfare costs from exposure to PM2.5, GDP equivalent1.74835........1.437898........1.10023..........1.153195..
Economic opportunities and policy responsesTechnology and innovation: R&DEnvironmentally related government R&D budget, % total government R&D2.9500412.938141
(b) 2.903972
3.48473.4563431.824752.53293.0535822.9763154.2068863.9378083.5434044.0341223.8147393.7938533.481483
(en) 3.568152
..
Environmentally related R&D expenditure, % GDP0.03479314..0.0439222..0.1173389..0.113609..0.1121787..................
Renewable energy public RD&D budget, % total energy public RD&D..9.947913..10.6043612.3966612.4239214.6307415.9522513.7922419.2688920.2363333.643833.3967953.9258330.3955254.0553633.1041533.98769
Energy public RD&D budget, % GDP..0.02062623..0.017638610.034057130.023414130.024564640.026243280.026551730.035396150.034276660.039495190.050242330.060210650.019173390.016881860.0096728040.01129564
Fossil fuel public RD&D budget (excluding CCS), % total energy public RD&D..60.81924..54.4849417.2576222.9442524.453623.2745221.6033552.234778.76085912.930427.647754.90161126.54916.730089.35774819.49611
Technology and innovation: PatentsDevelopment of environment-related technologies, % all technologies7.998.287.988.8111.069.579.6410.0811.6312.6113.4912.6710.99.629.09......
Development of environment-related technologies, % inventions worldwide1.131.130.991.121.371.11.020.960.970.90.80.740.660.650.61......
Development of environment-related technologies, inventions per capita8.718.748.269.4712.4210.7810.6710.7511.411.6611.4511.019.648.746.97......
Relative advantage in environment-related technology1.231.221.181.251.541.271.181.141.181.131.151.070.960.930.95......
International financial flows: Official Development AssistanceEnvironmentally related ODA, % total ODA5.870783805847215.4384555816658.383338928222712.4301986694344.678259372711210.8972129821786.45991516113287.21010351181034.869426727294916.19084739685118.19837951660217.44622039794917.09521675109911.01661014556911.07365226745610.71971416473417.750911712646..
ODA - renewable energy sector, % total allocable ODA0.0253295414149800.1028200462460500000.010967741720380.005462425760920.004058165941390.0099207302555400.083202883601190.069561854004860.34858635067940.362513810396190.23444743454456..
ODA - water supply and sanitation sector, % total allocable ODA9.99992084503174.72835779190061.98921608924875.27602720260621.74800658226010.310831278562551.84949278831480.192707180976871.33840203285222.95117878913887.05321836471568.71569156646735.88234949111947.72640228271485.7664418220525.79238939285284.3840746879578..
ODA - all sectors - biodiversity, % total ODA2.56570315361021.40923500061040.896994948387150.031535323709250.05139586329460.837161898612982.45495820045473.62679672241212.47472977638246.60542297363287.0499343872077.34689140319828.14676952362064.85749769210813.11784934997564.73788404464727.9270420074463..
ODA - all sectors - climate change mitigation, % total ODA1.31956911087040.239004343748090.409633636474610.2300295233726501.41193854808810.789458811283114.27877521514891.603076577186614.559004783637.2947258949284.46564674377448.00522708892825.28208160400393.77947902679444.01908445358287.4494466781616..
ODA - all sectors - climate change adaptation, % total ODA....................011.86058044433611.9359169006357.87465858459476.30254364013678.186331748962413.16162776947..
ODA - all sectors - desertification, % total ODA1.5856587886810.230601504445080.49441471695900.003471862524750.216053619980810.608192145824432.62774014472960.721575260162353.102312088012710.3301897048953.27418661117556.55223989486692.93253207206732.00892901420593.14511203765875.3543581962585..
Net ODA provided, % GNI0.2666440.2518970.2556040.24720.2451410.2475740.2950750.3225920.3160080.2936230.3227270.3435660.360930.3308980.3143110.2911120.2658270.225974
ODA - environment sector, % total allocable ODA5.18583965301511.67779815196991.42260944843291.48399770259860.021504940465091.73187673091890.605940103530883.13897752761842.13275122642521.45218718051913.25058364868163.7548103332524.4274811744694.50134086608891.78807735443111.3343981504440.73281353712082..
Environmental taxes and transfersEnvironmentally related taxes, % GDP
(ei) 2.4138366487617
(ei) 2.6031038274386
(ei) 2.54112453737
(ei) 2.4113907572884
(ei) 2.3258211292956
(ei) 2.1718663822419
(ei) 2.072703561542
(ei) 2.022443005813
(ei) 1.905663288984
(ei) 1.9098914448302
(ei) 1.8617342938793
(ei) 1.7931586747313
(ei) 2.0732363896614
(ei) 2.0776725912335
(ei) 1.9111832639772
(ei) 1.8154205182764
(ei) 1.7689759419887
..
Environmentally related taxes, % total tax revenue
(ei) 7.9318431906255
(ei) 9.0068875803698
(ei) 8.5344228869468
(ei) 8.0390745807457
(ei) 7.6740987974416
(ei) 7.2387480794915
(ei) 7.0383116455128
(ei) 6.8370991384299
(ei) 7.0855950759266
(ei) 7.4573122897925
(ei) 7.3442529665437
(ei) 6.9043931902721
(ei) 7.6778031550433
(ei) 7.6307503935631
(ei) 6.969186515924
(ei) 6.5056968627055
(ei) 6.4325690752746
..
Energy related tax revenue, % total environmental tax revenue
(ei) 73.15467
(ei) 65.11288
(ei) 65.28892
(ei) 63.56799
(ei) 63.46073
(ei) 63.40463
(ei) 64.34262
(ei) 62.9541
(ei) 62.16273
(ei) 61.62992
(ei) 60.94041
(ei) 61.21088
(ei) 64.5703
(ei) 64.53326
(ei) 60.90099
(ei) 57.97707
(ei) 57.96915
..
Road transport-related tax revenue, % total environmental tax revenue
(ei) 26.11701
(ei) 34.25531
(ei) 34.06031
(ei) 35.6303
(ei) 35.67595
(ei) 35.65667
(ei) 34.76817
(ei) 35.88099
(ei) 36.57367
(ei) 36.95941
(ei) 37.22511
(ei) 36.54993
(ei) 33.02097
(ei) 33.04479
(ei) 36.64967
(ei) 39.14528
(ei) 39.28283
..
Petrol tax, USD per litre0.36807650.32680680.31734490.30890380.30183110.29391930.28382840.27737230.26580880.26118290.25377680.24566070.24140510.23563240.23066670.23214360.2321514..
Diesel tax, USD per litre0.36807650.32680680.31734490.30890380.30183110.29391930.28382840.27737220.26580880.26118290.25377680.24566070.24140510.23563240.23066670.23214360.2321514..
Fossil fuel consumption support, % energy related tax revenue41.2830141.0294824.8327844.3967844.2114443.9071945.2258846.2602949.0260344.6486443.3095344.8353934.1754933.1127539.6221743.8849443.28169..
Fossil fuel consumption support, % total tax revenue2.3954522.4062331.3836912.2687992.1531142.0152092.0481151.9911512.15942.0520231.9383691.8948511.6942771.6305951.6816851.6552581.613934..
Petrol tax, % end-user price46.4406843.6926644.4574142.6174539.0769234.0178629.6613530.3973326.2498428.6089729.0307925.70225.5753325.2647425.1144529.0990731.77471..
Diesel tax, % end-user price45.9731642.1460244.1995341.8221738.131.8030128.3060929.1710823.9205228.3482129.8168825.6825125.4442225.0221824.6477930.2874733.58129..
Fossil fuel consumption support, % total fossil fuel support95.1582892.3446788.5028292.7927188.9051286.3313786.9289185.3963390.5588291.4602791.7863890.5797799.4558796.3253699.668499.6667299.08864..
Fossil fuel production support, % total fossil fuel support4.7855717.60009311.41095.64277511.0189613.5759512.9457614.541328.8807218.2807628.009449.1246820.027284873.2198870.13719810.1918380.1891372..
Fossil fuel general services support, % total fossil fuel support0.056150210.055234210.086290371.5645150.075918470.092675630.12532480.062340330.56045410.25896990.20418140.29555020.51684190.45474970.19440520.14144970.7222213..
Petroleum support, % total fossil fuel support95.5215895.629393.7453895.0562796.9033697.2207497.8163698.118997.8461398.3438198.2185495.7425798.0167294.9909998.3935598.1172297.56226..
Coal support, % total fossil fuel support2.1915812.3733223.1517843.0372251.3810621.218310.81230190.68121471.1115950.38364040.26894622.8671730.064863633.2836060.18262830.18976910.5725518..
Gas support, % total fossil fuel support2.2868431.9973843.1028331.906511.7155871.5609451.3713431.1998791.0422691.2725471.512511.3902661.9184271.7253971.4238111.6930161.865181..
Total fossil fuel support, % of total tax revenue2.5173352.6057091.5634432.4450182.4218112.3342722.356082.3316592.3845282.2436222.1118262.0919141.7035471.6927991.687281.6607931.628778..
Socio-economic contextReal GDP per capita36 461.3337 521.9838 232.2439 314.2540 057.1240 601.2341 449.3942 200.342 213.9942 294.7742 585.0643 534.4544 013.8344 498.644 916.3245 555.7545 819.36
(e) 46 240.15
Population density, inhabitants per km22.4628982.4890822.5157782.5444272.576912.6144332.657672.7058612.7569932.8082192.8574392.9039092.9480952.9905793.032425
(b) 3.074394
....
Labour tax revenue, % GDP12.78707176330813.15018738066113.01505044180113.15323706842713.43741523419313.17207105899812.28197858711712.19952075194511.45537996780210.90947297343211.06690777891811.53959568059411.95481447722612.01260581940612.67245721667912.932477585283
(e) 13.093929182818
..
Real GDP, Index 2000=100100104.003107.1083111.3938114.9476118.2055122.6705127.1575129.6024132.2631135.505140.7787144.4946148.1913151.6754155.9638159.0169
(e) 162.6371
Value added in agriculture, % of total value added3.83765673637394.31446409225463.1674232482913.35834980010993.14222049713132.96387600898742.39034700393682.53398132324222.45658302307132.36490392684942.4406783580782.40782380104062.43535304069522.37500023841862.54322266578672.61464428901672.9818742275238..
Value added in industry, % of total value added25.94430541992225.82520675659226.38643264770526.20840072631826.7615089416527.80469322204627.75459098815927.62695693969728.82238197326726.92806434631428.19433784484927.91712570190426.71389770507827.19173049926825.24150657653823.9438476562524.841438293457..
Value added in services, % of total value added70.21804046630969.86032867431670.44614410400470.43325042724670.09626770019569.23143005371169.8550643920969.83905792236368.72103118896570.7070312569.3649826049869.67504882812570.85074615478570.43326568603572.21527099609473.44150543212972.176689147949..
Labour tax revenue, % total tax revenue42.24948139514945.75147242720643.95331835937244.08147655533844.53369677810744.08483627757141.86435720927841.4028073299942.7275062066642.66606899541143.69759319491544.55211671638844.38789360004444.23395664023646.34302031578746.498269875463
(e) 46.590384541939
..
AustriaEnvironmental and resource productivityCO2 ProductivityProduction-based CO2 productivity, GDP per unit of energy-related CO2 emissions4.8779774.6189274.6047844.3275764.3735514.4475574.7551935.1032595.1703275.4294435.1187245.4181815.7026185.6774186.0645375.982666....
Production-based CO2 intensity, energy-related CO2 per capita7.6710728.1751138.2980798.8675788.9694238.9778468.654478.3375618.3228867.5985328.1688967.8961087.5021597.4844527.0193977.155485....
Demand-based CO2 productivity, GDP per unit of energy-related CO2 emissions3.1867733.2678133.1901573.1813693.2693753.3416043.6402063.7350793.7414393.9475483.7334963.696642............
Production-based CO2 emissions, index 2000=100100106.9467109.0468117.1244119.063119.7092115.832111.9548112.1163102.7464110.9855107.916103.231103.715797.89983100.3231....
Production-based CO2 emissions61.966.267.572.573.774.171.769.369.463.668.766.863.964.260.662.1....
Demand-based CO2 productivity, disposable income per unit of energy-related CO2 emissions2.5979372.6441392.6073462.6036062.6832542.7362633.0137523.0903173.1131283.2158123.0733373.032458............
Demand-based CO2 intensity, energy-related CO2 per capita11.8174211.6353712.0562412.1267612.0436611.9538811.2824911.356711.4763610.4389111.2239211.61597............
Demand-based CO2 emissions, index 2000=10010098.83708102.9194103.9841103.9229103.853198.5286699.50357100.871491.9726299.12121102.9205............
Demand-based CO2 emissions94.67693.57597.4498.44898.3998.32493.28394.20695.50187.07693.84497.441............
Energy productivityEnergy productivity, GDP per unit of TPES10 555.6310 116.0210 198.059 764.6249 871.8589 825.24710 136.9610 647.1810 740.8210 912.8310 396.511 015.3611 137.8710 962.2611 482.4711 329.0811 317.08..
Energy intensity, TPES per capita3.5449633.7327193.7468813.9300153.9737434.0639684.0597643.9962434.0064023.7804874.021963.8838993.8411263.8762413.7073373.7786723.822814..
Renewable energy supply, % TPES22.9820922.0320121.2674218.7651419.754820.9476721.9227423.8991125.0226227.6067426.927426.2482429.7154829.9326430.0041529.431830.04848..
Renewable electricity, % total electricity generation72.5440169.1568369.0129560.7828364.2022363.6267865.5155368.6870369.2308971.1396966.2113265.6314274.5291878.0247981.0568776.4907877.65388..
Total primary energy supply, index 2000=100100105.6679106.5491112.3262114.1449117.26117.5799116.1181116.7868110.6188118.2456114.8643114.3739116.2357111.8893114.6424116.4291..
Total primary energy supply28.6052930.2266230.4786832.1312232.6514733.5425733.6340733.215933.407231.6428233.8244832.8572632.7169733.2495532.0062632.793833.30487..
Energy consumption in agriculture, % total energy consumption2.2256692.1579872.0915852.0323312.0265551.9882141.9157691.9379531.9410121.8503181.8292121.8579141.8685771.9636882.0037322.039945....
Energy consumption in services, % total energy consumption10.7962111.7460711.4753312.0379811.676112.1808912.9472411.4396512.7116512.0290912.0343111.328611.1859210.5009910.591210.09736....
Energy consumption in industry, % total energy consumption25.7305724.9829124.258524.3442625.3321226.1820826.4624827.1636227.526727.4498127.4560628.7128228.1047227.7442827.8935227.74644....
Energy consumption in transport, % total energy consumption27.4195127.8169730.0853730.530330.4371730.9590530.0988231.2141229.7194430.1603729.4878429.9741429.5574330.1838330.9360931.16883....
Energy consumption in other sectors, % total energy consumption33.8280333.2960632.0892231.0551330.5280628.6897728.5756828.2446628.1011828.5104129.1925628.1265229.2833529.607228.5754528.94742....
Non-energy material productivityNon-energy material productivity, GDP per unit of DMC1.8731481.97261.8672962.0182761.9458321.9348011.9284941.9590852.2534762.2995532.4490972.3710352.4626932.4566622.4332612.502105
(e) 2.502263
..
Biomass, % of DMC22.4242923.4693122.1922622.3799824.1587923.459523.494122.4729727.3635827.3080127.9924728.6976727.5753428.1408929.8071927.48652
(e) 28.07302
..
Municipal waste generated, kg per capita535.488532.123564.146563.489570.38573.286595.372595.672599.26587.93558.957568.201573.322571.849559.756557.229565.694..
Municipal waste recycled or composted, % treated waste 55.2755.90756.93857.374
(b) 58.119
59.91160.40161.30664.6163.60460.94258.80359.72659.6458.27558.19858.808..
Municipal waste incinerated, % treated waste11.00310.97110.99411.9629.83828.46629.57129.90327.75830.08635.71236.23335.8836.16537.57238.76438.452..
Municipal waste disposed to landfills, % treated waste33.13732.4731.36329.9612.04311.62310.0298.7917.6326.313.3464.9644.3944.1954.1533.0372.74..
Non-metallic minerals, % of DMC73.6368872.3588374.0224873.4099771.9909171.9955671.5289972.1518667.3544368.2111965.5401264.4293465.8602366.3325966.0216467.46095
(e) 66.77917
..
Metals, % of DMC3.9388334.1718573.785264.2100533.8503034.5449314.9769055.3751675.2819854.4808026.4674096.8729886.5644375.5265254.171185.052517
(e) 5.147803
..
Nitrogen balance per hectare4440373831192631302126283041304132..
Phosphorus balance per hectare
(e) 4
(e) 3
(e) 3
(e) 3
(e) 0
(e) 1
(e) 2
(e) 3
(e) -2
(e) 0
(e) 1
(e) 0
(e) 2
(e) 4
(e) 2
......
Environmentally adjusted multifactor productivityEnvironmentally adjusted multifactor productivity growth2.2566070.77663591.2090740.082679622.5428371.8277352.531723.1242640.8865969-1.3832720.97839772.1282740.38185840.1740605........
Contribution of natural capital0.0006263368-0.0033600380.0060121270.008176528-0.001721717-0.022252450.011767450.002133108-0.014839310.010388430.00006765333-0.0025412190.003124861-0.008768748........
Adjustment for pollution abatement0.074833060.15866980.090952750.016904580.70658930.03312712-0.06614050.52793620.45618421.011176-0.30220240.4972035-0.073453210.07785322........
Natural asset baseFreshwater resourcesTotal renewable freshwater per capita..............................
(e) 9 641.722
....
Permanent surface water, % total surface..............................0.69553....
Seasonal surface water, % total surface ..............................0.10242....
Conversion of permanent water to not-water surface, % permanent water, since 1984..............................0.70299....
Conversion of permanent to seasonal water surface, % permanent water, since 1984..............................1.75747....
Conversion of not-water to permanent water surface, % permanent water, since 1984..............................4.39367....
Conversion of seasonal to permanent water surface, % permanent water, since 1984..............................0.70299....
Wildlife resourcesThreatened mammal species, % total known species..............................26.733....
Threatened bird species, % total known species..............................27.273....
Threatened vascular plant species, % total known species..............................33.39....
Forest resourcesForest resource stocks1 067........1 102........1 129........1 155....
Intensity of use of forest resources..........0.768........................
Forests under sustainable management certification, % total forest area14.33038
(e) 79.41467
(e) 102.2794
(e) 102.2279
(e) 102.1588
102.0974
(e) 102.9158
(e) 102.8633
(e) 52.98439
(e) 50.82914
50.79793
(e) 61.74348
(e) 68.60001
(e) 70.92591
(e) 71.95322
......
Land resourcesNatural and semi-natural vegetated land, % total........70.81907....................70.55664....
Bare land, % total........2.84305....................2.84534....
Cropland, % total........22.79681....................22.96511....
Artificial surfaces, % total ........2.69767....................2.78695....
Water, % total........0.8434....................0.84597....
Loss of natural and semi-natural vegetated land, % since 1992........2.27922....................2.83221....
Loss of natural and semi-natural vegetated land, % since 2004..............................0.60679....
Gain of natural and semi-natural vegetated land, % since 1992........1.45218....................1.63766....
Gain of natural and semi-natural vegetated land, % since 2004..............................0.23622....
Conversion from natural and semi-natural land to cropland, % since 1992........1.63522....................2.10208....
Conversion from natural and semi-natural land to artificial surfaces, % since 1992........0.50652....................0.57943....
Conversion from cropland to artificial surfaces, % since 1992........4.49063....................4.62778....
Built up area, % total land3.0466..........................3.51274......
Built up area per capita315.21642..........................339.70501......
New built up area, % since 199015.31339..........................32.95697......
New built up area, % since 2000............................15.30054......
Environmental dimension of quality of lifeAccess to drinking water and sewage treatmentPopulation connected to public sewerage, % total population85.4000015258798686
(e) 88.900001525879
(e) 88.900001525879
..
(e) 91.809997558594
..
(e) 92.720001220703
..93.900001525879..94.5..94.967610483771......
Population connected to sewerage with primary treatment, % total population..00..
(e) 0
..
(e) 0
..
(e) 0
..
(e) 0
..0..0......
Population connected to sewerage with secondary treatment, % total population..8.6000003814697....5.4899997711182..
(e) 3.6199998855591
..
(e) 0.93999999761581
..
(e) 1.2737938165665
..1..1.1946570566625......
Population connected to sewerage with tertiary treatment, % total population..
(e) 77.400001525879
....
(e) 83.410003662109
..
(e) 88.180000305176
..
(e) 91.73999786377
..
(e) 92.588897705078
..93.5..93.772953427109......
Population with access to improved sanitation, % total population96.7821496.782296.7825696.7820896.7814796.7808696.7801896.7795796.7789696.7783496.7776696.7770596.7764496.7767996.7782296.78062....
Population with access to improved drinking water sources, % total population 97.8301597.8874797.9447998.0021198.0594298.1167498.1740698.2313898.2886898.3460198.4033398.4606498.5179698.5752998.632698.68991....
Exposure to air pollutionMean population exposure to PM2.516.4490114.5121317.5312118.0697815.1077117.6611417.9391914.2825515.3851616.6551915.6253815.4506515.4703617.68641..
(e) 15.69556
....
Percentage of population exposed to more than 10 micrograms/m399.8200683.4903399.9740499.9985799.1344899.1971499.969595.2565299.9986699.7717190.6357493.6355299.9054399.99922..
(e) 86.52994
....
Percentage of population exposed to more than 35 micrograms/m300000000000000..
(e) 0
....
Mortality from exposure to PM2.5473.3345........407.2726........383.7776..........375.3761..
Welfare costs from exposure to PM2.5, GDP equivalent4.465825........3.792968........3.541337..........3.440295..
Economic opportunities and policy responsesTechnology and innovation: R&DEnvironmentally related government R&D budget, % total government R&D1.5289681.3794341.3048541.6634051.3755411.6078541.6264251.6222211.629611.8741051.7699312.0088912.3585812.3399320.94508960.7169405
(en) 0.681097
..
Environmentally related R&D expenditure, % GDP....0.1037262..0.1457947..0.17274220.1989595..0.2253662..0.2681516..
(c) ..
........
Renewable energy public RD&D budget, % total energy public RD&D28.0207526.5332133.1768339.6805728.4606736.0327432.6422846.4780734.3768935.297527.80427.124823.4968923.6658522.6504417.2246221.63825..
Energy public RD&D budget, % GDP0.010918210.013545850.012869640.010774490.013837110.013224440.015830890.011228340.024226080.03203330.040885560.0389590.037690210.038453560.042965190.03727650.03987977..
Fossil fuel public RD&D budget (excluding CCS), % total energy public RD&D1.908072.119041..1.8453291.3449040.61607141.9906132.5246193.1067770.4400130.28269370.49080060.46211113.9107220.26554671.3573180.8027312..
Technology and innovation: PatentsDevelopment of environment-related technologies, % all technologies10.289.568.538.758.789.839.4610.7912.4612.2113.4713.7413.929.9710.42......
Development of environment-related technologies, % inventions worldwide1.341.291.081.091.031.081.011.071.0811.010.981.050.810.94......
Development of environment-related technologies, inventions per capita24.4723.621.4722.2222.5625.826.4230.1732.3933.5838.2438.840.629.4629.19......
Relative advantage in environment-related technology1.581.411.261.241.221.311.161.221.261.11.151.161.230.971.09......
International financial flows: Official Development AssistanceEnvironmentally related ODA, % total ODA3.47106075286874.13234424591066.122055530548115.48032188415513.9593801498414.86470842361454.64078426361087.88666772842415.396845817565912.497607231147.260133743286112.9020528793336.500798225402818.2392158508311.5404148101819.44664859771738.0726566314697..
ODA - renewable energy sector, % total allocable ODA2.49909996986391.76470518112188.42655849456790.096689186990260.168294474482541.53599905967710.972564220428471.27966690063480.562184751033782.9051272869111.24487340450291.56198656558991.37696468830111.4291329383852.42520260810855.40690994262694.232048034668..
ODA - water supply and sanitation sector, % total allocable ODA7.23894262313845.45660305023196.881227970123311.03253269195611.0337057113657.4522509574898.33473396301277.09976434707649.16641330718997.07070302963264.93107223510747.18085479736339.23301410675057.49943256378177.63966226577766.98886251449585.1288828849792..
ODA - all sectors - biodiversity, % total ODA1.17214596271521.03084099292751.5709341764451.24446511268622.29595422744751.0552729368211.38901162147521.06471729278562.51938223838815.67813491821292.34232258796693.39706373214722.19393634796147.16056060791023.41618132591252.08090281486511.8158853054047..
ODA - all sectors - climate change mitigation, % total ODA1.06588315963750.839876532554630.771096885204320.300746172666552.37536954879761.07123434543612.23066067695620.700691282749182.49244427680975.37649965286253.12039852142335.77831411361692.120900630950910.6827106475837.11903715133674.87110042572024.5360383987427..
ODA - all sectors - climate change adaptation, % total ODA....................0.716876327991492.80683898925781.70069122314457.02602767944345.00408887863162.80093050003052.3693840503693..
ODA - all sectors - desertification, % total ODA0.337397217750550.481158077716831.37445616722112.21651482582091.72286510467530.935222446918491.5594105720520.854667782783511.71151149272924.16982746124271.05740237236022.26202535629271.88917541503913.2673747539520.638320505619050.962852358818050.74518597126007..
Net ODA provided, % GNI0.2344360.3415610.2551240.2016130.2329080.5217810.4688660.4980590.4282750.3020390.3224220.2671270.2802160.2735210.2843690.3537490.4237110.302443
ODA - environment sector, % total allocable ODA3.21690487861631.03559565544131.51126396656041.35727548599242.40220689773563.27647495269771.85026788711551.07829976081850.892887532711032.5355148315430.82410013675691.84455657005310.763764023780822.40942215919492.90883708000180.782735824584961.5309573411941..
Environmental taxes and transfersEnvironmentally related taxes, % GDP
(i) 2.9275072568423
(i) 3.1718129708177
(i) 3.2221854441896
(i) 3.3043780044433
(i) 3.2529497779959
(i) 3.1967889589477
(i) 2.9728918254795
(i) 2.8857367694234
(i) 2.8473849241836
(i) 2.8555767067868
(i) 2.829013391058
(i) 2.9096320275698
(i) 2.8756537792426
(i) 2.8571556035451
(i) 2.875425545439
(i) 2.7271582790631
(i) 2.7104829427603
..
Environmentally related taxes, % total tax revenue
(i) 6.9232314335295
(i) 7.2274066811612
(i) 7.5465819577457
(i) 7.7917099429857
(i) 7.7529177423403
(i) 7.7947961965873
(i) 7.3571595464018
(i) 7.1169057158801
(i) 6.8792187612015
(i) 6.9681706370872
(i) 6.9071696482467
(i) 7.0761843367712
(i) 6.8850415547086
(i) 6.7014407998016
(i) 6.7324589821617
(i) 6.3300635177977
(i) 6.4233406968503
..
Energy related tax revenue, % total environmental tax revenue
(i) 52.58306
(i) 51.96834
(i) 52.02695
(i) 52.32998
(i) 54.9271
(i) 53.5591
(i) 53.02224
(i) 54.33652
(i) 55.02997
(i) 54.23372
(i) 54.77601
(i) 55.50203
(i) 54.89649
(i) 55.03777
(i) 52.46004
(i) 55.5234
(i) 54.91612
..
Road transport-related tax revenue, % total environmental tax revenue
(i) 45.97172
(i) 46.48619
(i) 46.44471
(i) 46.13596
(i) 44.08221
(i) 45.60061
(i) 45.81263
(i) 44.53446
(i) 43.94676
(i) 44.78948
(i) 44.3393
(i) 43.65253
(i) 44.16643
(i) 43.9988
(i) 46.55763
(i) 43.45885
(i) 44.05502
..
Petrol tax, USD per litre0.59564660.58167110.56995130.56368690.56561130.55289940.54656890.56262020.58983960.58663350.57637510.60447030.59015740.55864010.53441760.52971150.5250304..
Diesel tax, USD per litre0.41724040.40646890.39786460.39390170.41256350.41239790.42960620.45226640.46959960.46711890.45888160.5021910.49040370.46399070.44371220.43982290.4359361..
Fossil fuel consumption support, % energy related tax revenue3.544274.6653675.66725310.5489511.7645814.0376315.8468414.0150214.7652115.6318614.862614.7264513.6898511.6521811.8722611.8516312.00571..
Fossil fuel consumption support, % total tax revenue0.12902720.17522950.22251090.43012290.5009890.58604620.61817430.5419720.55895660.59074340.56232240.57837050.51742790.42976990.41931050.41654540.4234954..
Petrol tax, % end-user price43.1399844.7680746.136746.0599343.8144340.031438.0460638.8621138.8540744.3241539.2762737.3027835.0005635.2187235.3428339.5547742.57238..
Diesel tax, % end-user price37.2750738.7700540.1947139.8899638.3189133.4388233.2139234.8188131.1809639.6615934.9271832.8145630.979631.0686931.518836.5498739.77242..
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Legend:
bBreak
cNon-publishable and confidential value
eEstimated value
iIncomplete data
nNational estimate
Data extracted on 24 May 2019 23:48 UTC (GMT) from MyOECD

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